LITMIR.BIZ

Скачать книгу

group of glands

      •Posterior lobe

      •PSA in serum

      •PAP (Prostatic acid phosphate)

      Inflammations

      •Balanitis ⇔ Poor hygiene

      •Syphilis ⇔ Chancre

      •Gonorrhea ⇔ Neisseria

      •Chlamydia ⇔ Nongonococcal urethritis

      Testicular Diseases

      •Torsion of Spermatic cord ⇔ testicular gangrene

      •Cryptorchidism ⇔ Atrophy

      •Hydrocele ⇔ Distended tunica vaginalis

      Other Tumors

      •Teratoma ⇔ germ cell tumor

      •Androblastoma ⇔ Sertoli cell

      11. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

      Ductal Papilloma

      •Bloody Nipple Discharge

      •Unilateral

      Lobular Carcinoma

      •Pre-menopausal female

      •Mostly bilateral

      •Multifocal

      Ductal Carcinoma

      •Unilateral

      •Most common malignant

      Fibrocystic Disease (Disorder)

      •Age 25-50

      •Most common breast disorder

      •Bilateral pain

      •Apocrine metaplasia

      •Fibrosis and sclerosing adenosis

      •Cysts

      •Often benign

      •Regression with pregnancy

      Fibroadenoma

      •20-30 years age

      •Intracanalicular and pericanalicular Fibroadenoma

      •Increased sensitivity to estrogen

      •Benign focal tumor

      Other Breast Conditions

      •Acute Mastitis ⇔ Staph aureus

      •Medullary carcinoma ⇔ Fleshy texture

      •Mucinous carcinoma ⇔ Gelatinous texture

      •Paget’s ⇔ Poor prognosis, ductal carcinoma, older women, nipples

      Ovarian Tumors

      •Granulosa tumor ⇔ estrogen

      •Arrhenoblastoma ⇔ Sertoli

      •Cystadenoma ⇔ Pseudomyxoma

      •Dysgerminoma ⇔ Seminoma, radiosensitive

      •Krukenberg’s ⇔ Metastatic ovarian; Signet-ring

      •Fibroma ⇔ Meig’s syndrome

      •Choriocarcinoma ⇔ HCG

      •Dermoid Cysts ⇔ Mature teratoma

      Infectious (Reproductive) Conditions

      •Trichomoniasis ⇔ malodorous vaginitis, “strawberry cervix”

      •Candidiasis ⇔ Pruritic white thick discharge, mostly coitus related, HIV positive

      •Gardnerella vaginalis ⇔ Clue cells

      •Chlamydia ⇔ Asymptomatic PID

      •Lymphogranuloma venereum ⇔ Rectal stricture

      •Toxic shock syndrome ⇔ Staph aureus tampons.

      •Gonorrhea ⇔ N. gonorrhea PID

      •Herpes (HSV) ⇔ Multinucleated giant cells

      •Granuloma inguinale (Calymmatobacterium granulomatis) ⇔ Donovan bodies

      •Syphilis ⇔ condyloma lata, VDRL, FTA-abs, tabes dorsalis

      •Chancroids ⇔ Haemophilus ducreyi

      Cervical Carcinoma

      •Related to HPV types 16 and 18

      •Dysplasia

      •Squamous cell carcinoma

      •Squamo-columnar junction

      •Post-coital bleeding

      Others

      •Vaginal Clear Cell ⇔ DES in utero

      •Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma ⇔ Pseudomyxoma peritonei

      •Serous Cystadenoma ⇔ Psammoma bodies

      •Hydatidiform ⇔ HCG

      •Choriocarcinoma ⇔ Lung metastasis

      12. SKIN-RELATED CONDITIONS

      Psoriasis

      •More in men

      •Auspitz

      •Spongiform pustule of Kogoj

      •Munro’s micro-abscess

      •7% of patients with arthritis

      •Autosomal dominance

      Erythema Multiforme

      •Target lesion

      •A.K.A. Steven Johnson syndrome

      •Recurrence

      •“Iris lesion”

      Pemphigus Vulgaris

      •40-60 years age

      •Jewish population

      •Intra-epidermal bullae

      •Keratinocytes with IgG

      •Ethanol Abuse

      Bullous Pemphigoid

      •60+ age

      •Linear IgG in basement membrane

      Basal Cell Carcinoma

      •Most common skin neoplasm

      •Mostly face and scalp

      •Pearly border

      •Palisading

      •Sunlight

      Kaposi’s Sarcoma

      •More in men

      •Children

      •Lower extremities with or without visceral involvement

      •AIDS

      •Purple Plaques

      •Spindle cells

      •Hemosiderin

      Malignant Melanoma

      •Horizontal and vertical growth

      •Epidermal-dermal junction

      •Clark’s level

      •Sun exposure

      •Most malignant skin neoplasm

      •Nodular melanoma

Скачать книгу