LITMIR.BIZ

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I=IDDM; Juvenile, weight loss, no insulin synthesis

      •Type II=NIDDM, Adult, weight gain, insulin resistance

      •Glycosylation of hemoglobin protein

      •Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodule in kidney glomerulus

      Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

      •Trousseau’s sign

      •Painless jaundice

      •Palpable gall bladder

      •Hyper-coagulopathy

      •Pruritus

      •Increased bilirubin, dark urine

      •Increased alkaline phosphatase

      •Diabetes, and chronic pancreatitis

      •Ki-ras oncogen

      Gastrinoma

      •Hypergastrinemia

      •Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

      9. KIDNEY AND URINARY SYSTEM

      Adult Polycystic Kidney

      •Autosomal dominance

      •15-30 years age

      •Berry Aneurysm

      •Hematuria

      •Polycystic liver disease

      •Hypertension

      •Chromosome 16

      •Mitral prolapse

      Infantile Polycystic Kidney

      •Autosomal recessive

      •Hepatic fibrosis

      •Closed cysts

      Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

      •Elevated ASO

      •Intense inflammation

      •Lumpy-bumpy immunofluorescence

      Goodpasture’s Syndrome

      •Men mid-20’s

      •Glomerulonephritis

      •Linear IgG at basal membrane

      •Pulmonary hemorrhage

      •Hematuria

      Lipoid Nephrosis

      •Very young children

      •Fusion of foot processes

      •Normal glomerulus (light microscopy)

      •Lipid-laden renal cortices

      Nephrotic Syndrome

      •Edema

      •Hypoalbuminemia

      •Hypercholesterolemia

      •Hyperlipidemia

      •Hypoproteinemia

      •Severe proteinuria

      Nephritic Syndrome

      •Oliguria

      •Hypertension

      •Azotemia

      •Smoky-brown urine

      •Urinary Blood Cell Casts (Hematuria)

      Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

      •Immune complex nephritis; Type I

      •Dense deposit disease; Type II

      •Tram-track-like membrane

      Diabetic Glomerulonephritis

      •IDDM

      •Edema, hypertension

      •Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodule in kidney glomeruli

      •Increased BUN, cholesterol

      •Low albumin

      •Papillary necrosis

      •Retinopathy

      Benign Nephrosclerosis

      •60+ age

      •Hyaline arteriosclerosis

      •Diabetes and hypertension

      Malignant (Hypertension) Nephrosclerosis

      •Onion-skinning

      •Flea bitten kidney

      •Necrotizing lesions

      Renal Cell Carcinoma

      •Most common renal malignancy

      •Men 50-70

      •Polygonal Clear Cells

      •Hematogenous spread

      •Smoking

      •Renal vein pathology

      •Hypercalcemia

      Papillary Necrosis

      •Diabetes

      •Sickle Cell disease

      Transitional Cell Carcinoma

      •Most common tumor of collecting ducts

      •Hematuria

      •Benzidine, smoking, cyclophosphamide, and aniline

      •Local dissemination

      •Schistosoma

      Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Bladder

      •Sequel of inflammation

      •Schistosomiasis

      •Renal calculi

      Other Keywords

      •Myoglobinuria ⇔ Trauma

      •Potter’s syndrome ⇔ Bilateral renal agenesis

      •Milk-Alkali syndrome ⇔ Nephrocalcinosis

      •Wilm’s Tumor ⇔ Childhood, Nephroblastoma, flank mass

      •Pre-renal Azotemia ⇔ decreased renal flow, Oliguria, High BUN/Creatinine ratio

      •Fanconi Syndrome ⇔ Glycosuria, Systemic acidosis, proximal tubule, hypophosphatemia

      •Hartnup’s Disease ⇔ Tryptophan mal-absorption

      •Alport Disease ⇔ Male, red urine, visual disturbance, proteinuria

      10. MALE GENITAL DISORDERS

      Seminoma

      •Most common

      •Mid 30’s

      •Radio-sensitivity

      •Germ Cell tumor

      Yolk Sac Tumor

      •Infants

      •Mostly testis

      •Endodermal sinus

      •Alpha-fetoprotein

      Choriocarcinoma

      •20-30 years of age

      •HCG increase

      •Gynecomastia

      Leydig Tumor

      •Interstitial cells (non-germ)

      •Benign

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