Architecture: Gothic and Renaissance - T. Roger Smith

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Window.—Similar to a Bay-window (which see), but circular or segmental.

      Broach-spire.—A spire springing from a tower without a parapet and with pyramidal features at the feet of its four oblique sides (see Fig. 22) to connect them to the four angles of the tower.

      Broachead (Spire).—Formed as above described.

      Buttress.—A projection built up against a wall to create additional strength or furnish support (see Flying Buttress).

      Byzantine.—The round-arched Christian architecture of the Eastern Church, which had its origin in Byzantium (Constantinople).

      Canopy.—(1) An ornamented projection over doors, windows, &c.; (2) a covering over niches, tombs, &c.

      Campanile.—The Italian name for a bell-tower.

      Fig. j.—Buttress.

      Capital.—The head of a column or pilaster (Figs. l to p).

      Cathedral.—A church which contains the seat of a bishop; usually a building of the first class.

      Certosa.—A monastery (or church) of Carthusian monks.

      Chamfer.—A slight strip pared off from a sharp angle.

      Chancel.—The choir or eastern part of a church.

      Chantry Chapel.—A chapel connected with a monument or tomb in which masses were to be chanted. This was usually of small size and very rich.

      Chapel.—(1) A chamber attached to a church and opening out of it, or formed within it, and in which an altar was placed; (2) a small detached church.

      Chapter House.—The hall of assembly of the chapter (dean and canons) of a cathedral.

      Fig. l.—Early Norman Capital.

      Fig. m.—Early English Capital.

      Fig. n.—Later Norman Capital.

      Fig. o.—Perpendicular Capital.

      Fig. p.—Early French Capital.

       Château.—The French name for a country mansion.

      Chevron.—A zig-zag ornament.

      Chevet.—The French name for an apse when surrounded by chapels; see the plan of Westminster Abbey (Fig. 6).

      Choir.—The part of a church in which the services are celebrated; usually, but not always, the east end or chancel. In a Spanish church the choir is often at the crossing.

      Clerestory.—The upper story or row of windows lighting the nave of a Gothic church.

      Cloister.—A covered way round a quadrangle of a monastic building.

      Clustered (shafts).—Grouped so as to form a pier of some mass out of several small shafts.

      Corbel.—A projecting stone (or timber) supporting, or seeming to support, a weight (Fig. k).

      Fig. k.—Early Renaissance Corbel.

      Corbelling.—A series of mouldings doing the same duty as a corbel; a row of corbels.

      Corbel Table.—A row of corbels supporting an overhanging parapet or cornice.

       Cortile (Italian).—The internal arcaded quadrangle of a palace, mansion, or public building.

      Column.—A stone or marble post, divided usually into base, shaft, and capital; distinguished from a pier by the shaft being cylindrical or polygonal, and in one, or at most, in few pieces.

      Cornice.—The projecting and crowning portion of an order (which see) or of a building, or of a stage or story of a building.

      Course.—A horizontal layer of stones in the masonry of a building.

      Crocket.—A tuft of leaves arranged in a formal shape, used to decorate ornamental gables, the ribs of spires, &c.

      Fig. q.—Decorated Crocket.

      Fig. r.—Perpendicular Crocket.

      Crossing.—The intersection (which see) in a church or cathedral.

      Cross Vault.—A vault of which the arched surfaces intersect one another, forming a groin (which see).

      Crypt.—The basement under a church or other building (almost invariably vaulted).

      Cusp.—The projecting point thrown out to form the leaf-shaped forms or foliations in the heads of Gothic windows, and in tracery and panels.

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Dec. The Gothic architecture of the fourteenth century in England. Abbreviated Dec.
Decorated.

      Detail.—The minuter features of a design or building, especially its mouldings and carving.

       Diaper (Gothic).—An uniform pattern of leaves or flowers carved or painted on the surface of a wall.

      Fig. s.—Diaper in Spandrel, from Westminster Abbey.

      Dogtooth.—A sharply-pointed ornament in a hollow moulding which is peculiar to Early English Gothic. It somewhat resembles a blunt tooth.

      Dormer Window.—A window pierced through a sloping roof and placed under a small gable or roof of its own.

      Dome.—A cupola or spherical convex roof, ordinarily circular on plan.

      Domical Vaulting.—Vaulting in which a series of small domes are employed; in contradistinction to a waggon-head vault, or an intersecting vault.

       Double Tracery.—Two layers of tracery one behind the other and with a clear space between.

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E. E. The Gothic architecture of England in the thirteenth century. Abbreviated E. E.
Early English.

      Eaves.—The verge or edge of a roof overhanging the wall.

      Eaves-course.—A moulding carrying the eaves.

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