LITMIR.BIZ

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Amendments 1–11—rights of persons and states (163).

      (2) Twelfth amendment—election of President (184, note).

      (3) Amendments 13–15—Civil War settlement (358, 366, 369, 370, 374, 375).

      (4) Sixteenth amendment—income tax (528-529).

      (5) Seventeenth amendment—election of Senators (541-542).

      (6) Eighteenth amendment—prohibition (591-592).

      (7) Nineteenth amendment—woman suffrage (563-568).

      3. Development of the suffrage.

      a. Colonial restrictions (51-52).

      b. Provisions of the first state constitutions (110, 238-240).

      c. Position under federal Constitution of 1787(149).

      d. Extension of manhood suffrage (241-244).

      e. Extension and limitation of negro suffrage (373-375, 382-387).

      f. Woman suffrage (560-568).

      II. Relation of government to economic and social welfare.

      1. Debt and currency.

      a. Colonial paper money (80).

      b. Revolutionary currency and debt (125-127).

      c. Disorders under Articles of Confederation (140-141).

      d. Powers of Congress under the Constitution to coin money (see Constitution in the Appendix).

      e. First United States bank notes (167).

      f. Second United States bank notes (257).

      g. State bank notes (258).

      h. Civil War greenbacks and specie payment (352-353, 454).

      i. The Civil War debt (252).

      j. Notes of National Banks under act of 1864 (369).

      k. Demonetization of silver and silver legislation (452-458).

      l. The gold standard (472).

      m. The federal reserve notes (589).

      n. Liberty bonds (606).

      2. Banking systems.

      a. The first United States bank (167).

      b. The second United States bank—origin and destruction (203, 257-259).

      c. United States treasury system (263).

      d. State banks (258).

      e. The national banking system of 1864 (369).

      f. Services of banks (407-409).

      g. Federal reserve system (589).

      3. The tariff.

      a. British colonial system (69-72).

      b. Disorders under Articles of Confederation (140).

      c. The first tariff under the Constitution (150, 167-168).

      d. Development of the tariff, 1816–1832 (252-254).

      f. Tariff and nullification (254-256).

      g. Development to the Civil War—attitude of South and West (264, 309-314, 357).

      h. Republicans and Civil War tariffs (352, 367).

      i. Revival of the tariff controversy under Cleveland (422).

      j. Tariff legislation after 1890—McKinley bill (422), Wilson bill (459), Dingley bill (472), Payne-Aldrich bill (528), Underwood bill (588).

      4. Foreign and domestic commerce and transportation (see Tariff, Immigration, and Foreign Relations).

      a. British imperial regulations (69-72).

      b. Confusion under Articles of Confederation (140).

      c. Provisions of federal Constitution (150).

      d. Internal improvements—aid to roads, canals, etc. (230-236).

      e. Aid to railways (403).

      f. Service of railways (402).

      g. Regulation of railways (460-461, 547-548).

      h. Control of trusts and corporations (461-462, 589-590).

      5. Land and natural resources.

      a. British control over lands (80).

      b. Early federal land measures (219-221).

      c. The Homestead act (368, 432-445).

      d. Irrigation and reclamation (434-436, 523-525).

      e. Conservation of natural resources (523-526).

      6. Legislation advancing human rights and general welfare (see Suffrage).

      a. Abolition of slavery: civil and political rights of negroes (357-358, 373-375).

      b. Extension of civil and political rights to women (554-568).

      c. Legislation relative to labor conditions (549-551, 579-581, 590-591).

      d. Control of public utilities (547-549).

      e. Social reform and the war on poverty (549-551).

      f. Taxation and equality of opportunity (551-552).

       Political Parties and Political Issues

      I. The Federalists versus the Anti-Federalists [Jeffersonian Republicans] from about 1790 to about 1816 (168-208, 201-203).

      1. Federalist leaders: Hamilton, John Adams, John Marshall, Robert Morris.

      2. Anti-Federalist leaders: Jefferson, Madison, Monroe.

      3. Issues: funding the debt, assumption of state debts, first United States bank, taxation, tariff, strong central government versus states' rights, and the Alien and Sedition acts.

      II. Era of "Good Feeling" from about 1816 to about 1824, a period of no organized party opposition (248).

      III. The Democrats [former Jeffersonian Republicans] versus the Whigs [or National Republicans] from about 1832 to 1856 (238-265, 276-290, 324-334).

      1. Democratic leaders: Jackson, Van Buren, Calhoun, Benton.

      2. Whig leaders: Webster and Clay.

      3. Issues: second United States bank, tariff, nullification, Texas, internal improvements, and disposition of Western lands.

      IV. The Democrats versus the Republicans from about 1856 to the present time (334-377, 388-389, 412-422, 451-475, 489-534, 588-620).

      1. Democratic leaders: Jefferson Davis, Tilden, Cleveland, Bryan, and Wilson.

      2. Republican leaders: Lincoln, Blaine, McKinley, Roosevelt.

      3. Issues: Civil War and reconstruction, currency, tariff, taxation, trusts, railways, foreign policies, imperialism, labor questions, and policies with regard to land and conservation.

      V. Minor political parties.

      1. Before the Civil War: Free Soil (319) and Labor Parties (306-307).

      2. Since the Civil War: Greenback (463-464), Populist (464), Liberal Republican (420), Socialistic (577-579), Progressive (531-534, 602-603).

       The Economic Development of the United States

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