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Oriental Rugs. Peter F. Stone
Читать онлайн.Название Oriental Rugs
Год выпуска 0
isbn 9781462911844
Автор произведения Peter F. Stone
Издательство Ingram
Akstafa peacock
Akstafa rug Sothebys
ak-su (Turk. “white water”). A repeated design motif consisting of interlocking quadrilaterals with projections.
Torba with ak-su motif Sothebys
Ak-su motif
ak yup (Turk.). White tent band.
alachiq. A domed felt tent of the Moghân Shahsavan.
ala chuval. Anatolian flatwoven storage bags. These bags are made in pairs. Designs are woven in horizontal or vertical panels. Sizes are about 2 feet to 4 feet high and about 20 inches to 30 inches wide. The bag is open on a short side. See “joval.”
Anatolian brocaded ala chuval (opened up) Hugh Rance
alam. See “elem.”
Alamdâr. A village of the Hamadan area in northwest Iran. The village is a source of rugs with a geometric Herati pattern on a blue field.
Alanya. A coastal town of south central Anatolia and a minor source of rugs and kilims. See “Turkey.”
alasa, alasha. In Kazakhstan, a flatwoven rug consisting of woven bands sewn together. See “gadzhari” and “jijim.”
Albania. Since World War II, a source of contemporary, very well-made pile rugs with Persian designs.
alcatif (Portuguese alcatifa from Arabic al-qatif(a), “velvet, plush”). An archaic term for rugs of India.
Alcaraz. A textile and rug-weaving center in Spain from the fifteenth to the mid-seventeenth centuries. Spanish wreath design, armorial carpets, ogival lattice carpets, and copies of Holbein rugs are attributed to Alcaraz. See “Spain” and “wreath carpets.”
Alcaraz rug (detail) Jason Nazmiyal
alem. See “elem.”
Aleppo, Halep. A city of northwest Syria, now called Haleb. It was formerly in southeast Anatolia and an administrative center during the Ottoman period. In the last half of the nineteenth century many kilims were woven in this area. They were used as curtains and wall hangings. These kilims were woven in two pieces. Cochineal was used in many of these kilims. Borders are usually white with a repeated winged or hourglass figure. Diamonds and octagons are the primary repeated field motif. Some of the kilims are woven with the sandıklı or compartment motif.
Aleppo rug (detail) Peter Willborg
Algeria. A country of North Africa. Algerian rugs are similar to those of Morocco and Tunisia. Sétif is a town southeast of Algiers that is noted for its rug production. Pile rugs are all-wool and woven with the symmetric knot. Traditionally, pile rugs are woven by men (reggema) with women as assistants. Currently, women are designing and weaving pile rugs. There are a few pile rug types unique to Algeria. These are the Algerian qtif and tanchra with uncut looped pile and the frach and Kalâa pile carpets with large flatwoven ends. See “frach,” “Guergour carpets,” “Kalâa,” “Maadid tribe,” “metrah,” “qtif,” “reggema,” “tanchra,” and “zerbiya.”
The flatweaves of Algeria are similar to those of Tunisia. The melgout, hamel, tag, and draga are flatwoven tent dividers used in different ways. Blankets (hambel), flatwoven carpets, sacks, shawls (ddil), and saddle blankets (dokkala) are also woven.
Algeria
Ali Eli. A subtribe of the Ersari in the area of the Amu Darya river.
alınık (Turk., “place where the forehead meets the ground during prayer”). In a prayer rug, a panel above a mihrab that may contain a Koranic inscription. See “elem.”
Alınık
alizarin (from Spanish alizari, “madder,” from Arabic al-’asâra, “juice, extract”). A primary active agent in the dye derived from madder, an anthraquinone that produces shades of red in combination with metals. It provides a red component of the dye. Alizarin was produced synthetically in 1870. A variety of dyes of different colors were developed from compounds of aliza rin. See “madder.”
alloucha. A pile carpet of Tunisia in white, beige, brown, and gray. This rug was formerly woven of naturally colored wools. See “Tunisia.”
all-over pattern field repeat. A design in the field of a rug consisting of vertically and horizontally repeated geometrical or floral elements. Usually, the pattern is interrupted or cut off by the borders. Sometimes borders awkwardly interrupt the pattern. Such rugs may suggest that the weaver has a mental image of an infinitely repeated pattern with an arbitrary segment framed by the border. See “boteh,” “gul,” “Herati pattern,” “lattice,” “minâ khâni,” “mir-i boteh,” and “Lotto.”
alpaca. A domesticated South American ruminant related to the lama. It has long silky wool used in South American weaving.
alpaca
Alpan Kuba. A design of rugs from nineteenth-century Kuba in the Caucasus that may be a simplified version of either the Seishour Cross or the Kasim Ushag design. A medallion is surrounded by four elongated hexagons. See “Kuba.”
Alpan Kuba rug (detail) Richard Rothstein & Co.
Alpujarra rug Grogan & Company
Alpujarra. Alpujarra means “grassland.” The term refers to rugs first woven in Alpujarra in the province of Granada, Spain. These rugs were first woven in the fifteenth or sixteenth centuries during the Moorish period and continued to be woven into the nineteenth century. They have a coarsely-woven looped pile and are very heavy. Usually, a separately produced elaborate fringe was attached to all four sides of the rug. Often, the date and name of the person for whom the rug was woven was included in the design. Designs were simple floral and animal motifs. Often, only two colors were used. Later rugs of Alpujarra include Christian symbols. See “Spain.”
Altai culture, Altay culture. Altai is an area of Inner Asia taking its name from the Altai mountains. From the second millennium B.C.E., the area has been inhabited by cattle-rearing nomads and agriculturists. Many objects employing distinctive stylized animal motifs of wood, bone, bronze, and gold have been found in burial sites. Felts, fabrics, and pile rugs have also been found at these sites. In the eastern Altai, a pile rug was discovered at Pazyryk that has been radiocarbon-dated