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Oriental Rugs. Peter F. Stone
Читать онлайн.Название Oriental Rugs
Год выпуска 0
isbn 9781462911844
Автор произведения Peter F. Stone
Издательство Ingram
Afghanistan war rugs. Beginning with Baluchi weavers in Herat, rugs were woven with weapons and war imagery shortly after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The earliest of these rugs showed a few weapons within traditional fields and borders. In later rugs, war imagery displaced most traditional motifs in the field. Finally, in the latest rugs, both traditional field and border motifs were displaced completely by war imagery. See “Baluchi.”
Kabul Khairabad Kunduz Labijar Laghari Lokari Maimana Maurchaq Qaisar Qala-i Nau Qala-i Zal Qarqin Samangân Sar-e Pol Sharkh Shebergân
Afghanistan war rug (detail) Smithsonian
afshan, avshan (Persian afshân, “scattered”). An all-over design found in Caucasian, Indian, Persian, and Turkish rugs. It consists of stylized, right-angle blossom cups or calyxes on a stem surrounded by florets.
Afshan motifs
Kuba rug with afshan motif Hagop Manoyan
Afshar, Avşar. A Turkic tribe (called “Turkmen” in earlier histories) with scattered groups in Turkey, the Caucasus, and Iran. The largest group is located in Iran south of Kerman. There are both nomadic and village pieces produced by the tribe. Structural characteristics of their pile weaves include primarily wool foundation with pink or orange wefts and warp offset. Twentieth-century Afshar rugs may have a cotton foundation. Rugs of the Afshars are squarish with increasingly geometricized designs in later rugs. There is great variation in rug design, but one of the most common is a floral central medallion with floral spandrels and an opposing vase of flowers at the top and bottom of the rug. Afshars produce flatweaves in slit tapestry, soumak, weft substitution, and double interlocking weft structures. See “DaHaj,” “rakhat,” and “Sirjân.”
Afshar rug John Collins
aft rang. See “haft rang.”
Afyon (Turk., “opium”). A town of central Anatolia now referred to as Karahisar. It is a source of rugs similar to those of Konya. See “Karahisar.”
age in rugs. See “dating rugs.”
agedyna (Swedish). A Flemish type weaving. A flatwoven, long cushion used in carriages and sleighs and on short benches. See “rölaken.”
Agedyna Peter Willborg
Agra. An ancient city of north central India and former capital of the Mughal Empire. Carpet workshops were in production in Agra in 1619. After the partition of India in 1947, many Muslim weavers immigrated to Pakistan. The industry has recovered, and presently there is an active carpet-weaving industry in Agra. Some rugs are woven by prisoners of the Agra Central Jail. See “India.”
Agra rug Doris Leslie Blau
A.H. See “Anno Hegirae.”
Ahar, Ahjar. A town in the Heriz region of northwest Iran. A designation of fine weave or curvilinear design in Heriz rugs. Contemporary rugs of Ahar have medallions and spandrels. The symmetric knot is used at a density of about 65 per square inch on a cotton foundation. The wefts may be blue. Single-wefted rugs of the Heriz area may be termed “Ahar.” See “Iran.”
Ahmedabad. Formerly a rug-weaving center in west central India. There is no significant current production. See “India.”
Ahura Mazda. See “Zoroastrianism.”
Aibak. See “Samangân.”
Aimaq, Chahar Aimaq (Turk. or Mongol, “four tribes”). Four semi-nomadic tribes of partly Turko-Mongol origin inhabiting Afghanistan and Iran: the Hazara, Firozkohi, Jamshidi, and Taima ni. See entries under these names. Some of these tribes are noted for their rug production. Their weavings are sometimes confused with those of the Baluch. See "Afghanistan," "Mushwani," and "Timuri."
Aimaq (Jamshidi) rug Michael Craycraft
aina gul, mirror gul (Persian âyena, “mirror”). A Turkmen gul consisting of a quartered diamond in a rectangle or a stepped diamond within a regular diamond within a rectangle. These are termed “compartment guls.”
Aina gul After Moshkova
Ainabad. See “Bibikabad.”
aina-kotchak. See “kochak.”
aina khalata. Small mirror bag.
Ainalu. A tribe of the Khamseh Confederacy of southwest Iran. See “Khamseh Confederacy.”
Aintab, Aintap. See “Gaziantep.”
ajdaha, ejderha, (Persian azhdahâ, “dragon”). A dragon motif in Persian rugs, usually reduced to an “S” shape or “Z” shape. It is common in borders as overlapping or sequential “S” or “Z” shapes. See “dragon and phoenix” and “S-borders.”
ak, aq (Turk.) White.
ak chuval. A joval with a white ground pile skirt and white flatwoven stripes. See “joval.”
Ak Chuval Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Steven Price
Akhisar (Turk. ak hisar, “white castle”). A town of northwest Anatolia. The town is a minor source of prayer rugs in red and orange. Small pompons may be attached to the selvedge. Kilim ends may be ornamented with pile buttons. See “Turkey.”
Ak Karaman. A breed of fat-tailed sheep of central and east Anatolia.
Aksaray. A town of central Anatolia and a center of Turkmen carpet weaving during the Seljuk period. Aksaray is a source of kilims. Often, there is a design offset between the two halves of these kilims. See “Turkey.”
Aksaray kilim (detail)
Aksaray yastik R. John Howe
Akşehir (Turk., white town). A town of western Anatolia and a rug weaving center in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
aksi (Persian, “pictorial”). Used