Жылкелді руының тарихы (мақала) - Мұхтар Бақытұлы

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Көшпенділердің тұрмыс-тіршілігі, әдеп-ғұрпы және материалды құндылықтары мал шаруашығымен тікелей байланысты болды.

      9

      Моңғолдың құпия шежіресі. 2009. 126-бет.

      10

      М.Қ.Ш., 2009. 73-бет.

      11

      М.Қ.Ш. 117-бет.

      12

      МҚШ, 128-бет.

      13

      Мыңқол, мыңбасы, мыңбегі – ертедегі түрк-моңғол әскерлерінің бір мың жауынгерлік бөлімінің қолбасшысы. Мағынасы түркше – бек, моңғолша – ноян, арабша – әмір лауазымдары беріліп, әскери билікпен бірге уәлаяттар мен үлестердегі әкімшілік билікке тағайындалған. Мыңдық әскер қолын бір немесе одан да көп туыстас рулардың сарбаздары құраған. Әскери тәртіп қатан жазалау тәжірибесімен нығайтылған. Мысалы, Шыңғыс қаһанның «Жасағында» әскерге қатысты айтылған баптары бойынша шайқас кезінде бір адам қашатын болса, оның онын, оны қашқанда – жүзін, ал жүзі қашса түгел мыңқолды жазалау тәртібі орнатылған. Он мыңқол бір түменді, яғни 10000 жауынгерді құраған.

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