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914 to 1,523 m: 139 under 914 m: 13 (2004 est.)

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 143 1,524 to 2,437 m: 17 914 to 1,523 m: 112 under 914 m: 14 (2004 est.)

      Military Australia

      Military branches:

       Australian Army, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Australian Air Force,

       new Special Operations Command (announced in December 2002)

      Military manpower - military age and obligation:

       16 years of age for voluntary service (2001)

      Military manpower - availability:

       males age 15–49: 5,061,810 (2004 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service:

       males age 15–49: 4,356,671 (2004 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually:

       males: 140,182 (2004 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure:

       $14,120.1 million (2003)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

       2.8% (2003)

      Transnational Issues Australia

      Disputes - international:

       the 1999 maritime delimitation established partial maritime

       boundaries with East Timor over part of the Timor Gap but temporary

       resource-sharing agreements over an unreconciled area grant

       Australia 90% share of exploited gas reserves and hamper creation of

       a southern maritime boundary with Indonesia (see Ashmore and Cartier

       Islands disputes); Australia asserts a territorial claim to

       Antarctica and to its continental shelf (see Antarctica)

      Illicit drugs:

       Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate

       products; government maintains strict controls over areas of opium

       poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate

      This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

      ======================================================================

      @Austria

      Introduction Austria

      Background:

       Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire,

       Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World

       War I. Following annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938 and subsequent

       occupation by the victorious Allies in 1945, Austria's status

       remained unclear for a decade. A State Treaty signed in 1955 ended

       the occupation, recognized Austria's independence, and forbade

       unification with Germany. A constitutional law that same year

       declared the country's "perpetual neutrality" as a condition for

       Soviet military withdrawal. Following the Soviet Union's collapse in

       1991 and Austria's entry into the European Union in 1995, some

       Austrian's have called into question this neutrality. A prosperous,

       democratic country, Austria entered the European Monetary Union in

       1999.

      Geography Austria

      Location:

       Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia

      Geographic coordinates:

       47 20 N, 13 20 E

      Map references:

       Europe

      Area:

       total: 83,870 sq km

       water: 1,426 sq km

       land: 82,444 sq km

      Area - comparative:

       slightly smaller than Maine

      Land boundaries:

       total: 2,562 km

       border countries: Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366

       km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 35 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 330

       km, Switzerland 164 km

      Coastline:

       0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims:

       none (landlocked)

      Climate:

       temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and

       some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with

       occasional showers

      Terrain:

       in the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the eastern

       and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Neusiedler See 115 m

       highest point: Grossglockner 3,798 m

      Natural resources:

       oil, coal, lignite, timber, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony,

       magnesite, tungsten, graphite, salt, hydropower

      Land use: arable land: 16.91% permanent crops: 0.86% other: 82.23% (2001)

      Irrigated land:

       457 sq km (2000 est.)

      Natural hazards:

       landslides; avalanches; earthquakes

      Environment - current issues: some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria between northern and southern Europe

      Environment - international agreements:

       party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air

       Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air

       Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty,

       Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,

       Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,

       Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship

       Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

       signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

      Geography - note:

       landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe

       with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river

       is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands

       because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere

      People Austria

      Population:

       8,174,762 (July 2004 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 15.9% (male 665,680; female 633,560)

       15–64 years: 68.1% (male 2,799,411; female 2,764,426)

       65 years and over: 16% (male 518,748; female 792,937) (2004 est.)

      Median age:

       total: 40 years

      

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