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expenditures: $181 billion, including capital expenditures of NA

       (2003)

      Public debt:

       18.2% of GDP (2003)

      Agriculture - products:

       wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruits; cattle, sheep, poultry

      Industries:

       mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing,

       chemicals, steel

      Industrial production growth rate:

       −0.1% (2003 est.)

      Electricity - production:

       198.2 billion kWh (2001)

      Electricity - consumption:

       184.4 billion kWh (2001)

      Electricity - exports:

       0 kWh (2001)

      Electricity - imports:

       0 kWh (2001)

      Oil - production:

       731,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)

      Oil - consumption:

       796,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)

      Oil - exports:

       523,400 bbl/day (2001)

      Oil - imports:

       530,800 bbl/day (2001)

      Oil - proved reserves:

       3.664 billion bbl (1 January 2002)

      Natural gas - production:

       33.08 billion cu m (2001 est.)

      Natural gas - consumption:

       23.33 billion cu m (2001 est.)

      Natural gas - exports:

       9.744 billion cu m (2001 est.)

      Natural gas - imports:

       0 cu m (2001 est.)

      Natural gas - proved reserves:

       2.407 trillion cu m (1 January 2002)

      Current account balance:

       $-30.14 billion (2003)

      Exports:

       $68.67 billion (2003 est.)

      Exports - commodities:

       coal, gold, meat, wool, alumina, iron ore, wheat, machinery and

       transport equipment

      Exports - partners:

       Japan 18.1%, US 8.7%, China 8.4%, South Korea 7.4%, New Zealand

       7.4%, UK 6.7% (2003)

      Imports:

       $82.91 billion (2003 est.)

      Imports - commodities:

       machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines,

       telecommunication equipment and parts; crude oil and petroleum

       products

      Imports - partners:

       US 16%, Japan 12.5%, China 11%, Germany 6.1%, UK 4.2% (2003)

      Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:

       $33.26 billion (2003)

      Debt - external:

       $233.5 billion (2003 est.)

      Economic aid - donor:

       ODA, $894 million (FY99/00)

      Currency:

       Australian dollar (AUD)

      Currency code:

       AUD

      Exchange rates:

       Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002),

       1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000), 1.55 (1999)

      Fiscal year:

       1 July - 30 June

      Communications Australia

      Telephones - main lines in use:

       10.815 million (2003)

      Telephones - mobile cellular:

       14.347 million (2003)

      Telephone system:

       general assessment: excellent domestic and international service

       domestic: domestic satellite system; much use of radiotelephone in

       areas of low population density; rapid growth of mobile cellular

       telephones

       international: country code - 61; submarine cables to New Zealand,

       Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia; satellite earth stations - 10

       Intelsat (4 Indian Ocean and 6 Pacific Ocean), 2 Inmarsat (Indian

       and Pacific Ocean regions) (1998)

      Radio broadcast stations:

       AM 262, FM 345, shortwave 1 (1998)

      Radios:

       25.5 million (1997)

      Television broadcast stations:

       104 (1997)

      Televisions:

       10.15 million (1997)

      Internet country code:

       .au

      Internet hosts:

       2,847,763 (2003)

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

       571 (2002)

      Internet users:

       9.472 million (2002)

      Transportation Australia

      Railways:

       total: 44,015 km (5,290 km electrified)

       broad gauge: 1,957 km 1.600-m gauge

       standard gauge: 27,095 km 1.435-m gauge (2,828 km electrified)

       dual gauge: 213 km dual gauge (2003)

       narrow gauge: 14,957 km 1.067-m gauge (2,462 km electrified)

      Highways:

       total: 811,603 km

       paved: 314,090 km (including 18,619 km of expressways)

       unpaved: 497,513 km (1999 est.)

      Waterways:

       2,000 km (mainly used for recreation on Murray and Murray-Darling

       river systems) (2004)

      Pipelines:

       condensate/gas 492 km; gas 28,680 km; liquid petroleum gas 240 km;

       oil 4,773 km; oil/gas/water 110 km (2004)

      Ports and harbors:

       Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Darwin, Devonport (Tasmania),

       Fremantle, Geelong, Hobart (Tasmania), Launceston (Tasmania),

       Mackay, Melbourne, Sydney, Townsville

      Merchant marine:

       total: 52 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,531,461 GRT/1,999,409 DWT

       foreign-owned: United Kingdom 2, United States 12

       registered in other countries: 60 (2004 est.)

       by type: bulk 20, cargo 5, chemical tanker 3, combination bulk 2,

       container 3, liquefied gas 4, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 7, roll

       on/roll off 6

      Airports:

       444 (2003 est.)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 305 over 3,047 m: 10 2,438 to 3,047 m: 12 1,524 to 2,437

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