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widespread wealth from Azerbaijan's

       undeveloped petroleum resources remains largely unfulfilled.

      Geography Azerbaijan

      Location:

       Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and

       Russia, with a small European portion north of the Caucasus range

      Geographic coordinates:

       40 30 N, 47 30 E

      Map references:

       Asia

      Area:

       total: 86,600 sq km

       note: includes the exclave of Naxcivan Autonomous Republic and the

       Nagorno-Karabakh region; the region's autonomy was abolished by

       Azerbaijani Supreme Soviet on 26 November 1991

       water: 500 sq km

       land: 86,100 sq km

      Area - comparative:

       slightly smaller than Maine

      Land boundaries:

       total: 2,013 km

       border countries: Armenia (with Azerbaijan-proper) 566 km, Armenia

       (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran

       (with Azerbaijan-proper) 432 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan

       exclave) 179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km

      Coastline:

       0 km (landlocked); note - Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea (800

       km, est.)

      Climate:

       dry, semiarid steppe

      Terrain:

       large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland) (much of it below

       sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag

       Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) in west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi

       (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Caspian Sea −28 m

       highest point: Bazarduzu Dagi 4,485 m

      Natural resources:

       petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, alumina

      Land use: arable land: 19.63% permanent crops: 2.71% other: 77.66% (2001)

      Irrigated land:

       14,550 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards:

       droughts

      Environment - current issues:

       local scientists consider the Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron

       Peninsula) (including Baku and Sumqayit) and the Caspian Sea to be

       the ecologically most devastated area in the world because of severe

       air, soil, and water pollution; soil pollution results from oil

       spills, from the use of DDT as a pesticide, and from toxic

       defoliants used in the production of cotton

      Environment - international agreements:

       party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate

       Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,

       Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

       signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note:

       both the main area of the country and the Naxcivan exclave are

       landlocked

      People Azerbaijan

      Population:

       7,868,385 (July 2004 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 27% (male 1,081,579; female 1,046,270)

       15–64 years: 65.2% (male 2,499,618; female 2,630,386)

       65 years and over: 7.8% (male 242,253; female 368,279) (2004 est.)

      Median age:

       total: 27.3 years

       male: 25.9 years

       female: 28.8 years (2004 est.)

      Population growth rate:

       0.52% (2004 est.)

      Birth rate:

       19.81 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)

      Death rate:

       9.76 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)

      Net migration rate:

       −4.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female

       total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2004 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

       total: 82.07 deaths/1,000 live births

       female: 80.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)

       male: 83.99 deaths/1,000 live births

      Life expectancy at birth:

       total population: 63.25 years

       male: 59.09 years

       female: 67.62 years (2004 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

       2.39 children born/woman (2004 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

       less than 0.1% (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

       1,400 (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

       less than 100 (2001 est.)

      Nationality:

       noun: Azerbaijani(s)

       adjective: Azerbaijani

      Ethnic groups:

       Azeri 90%, Dagestani 3.2%, Russian 2.5%, Armenian 2%, other 2.3%

       (1998 est.)

       note: almost all Armenians live in the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh

       region

      Religions:

       Muslim 93.4%, Russian Orthodox 2.5%, Armenian Orthodox 2.3%, other

       1.8% (1995 est.)

       note: religious affiliation is still nominal in Azerbaijan;

       percentages for actual practicing adherents are much lower

      Languages:

       Azerbaijani (Azeri) 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995

       est.)

      Literacy:

       definition: age 15 and over can read and write

       total population: 97%

       male: 99%

       female: 96% (1989 est.)

      Government Azerbaijan

      Country name:

       conventional long form: Republic of Azerbaijan

       conventional short form: Azerbaijan

       local long form: Azarbaycan Respublikasi

       former: Azerbaijan Soviet

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