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      Tips & Concerns

      Do not to let other priorities overtake the urgent need to address sustainability.

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      Address sustainability right from the start of any product and service development project.

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      Limitations

      The success depends on many factors, not all of which can be controlled by designers.

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      You need to be patient and even stubborn enough to keep bringing up the topic including its opportunities with clients and colleagues.

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      You will have to deal with a lack of reliable data and other uncertainties in the projects you do.

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      You need a long-term view and an open mind to keep monitoring societal and scientific developments, and you will need to adjust your design approach accordingly.

      Any product or product-service system that you design will have an impact on society and the natural environment. Design for Sustainability (DfS) aims for net-positive impacts, namely beneficial outcomes for society and the natural environment. Understanding how to design for sustainability is a fundamental design skill.

      perspectives

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      21

      How? There are a number of approaches, each with advantages and drawbacks. If you are new to DfS, you could start with the Ecodesign Checklist and the Ecodesign Strategy Wheel, which together provide a good overview of the field. The drawback of Ecodesign is that it focuses on incremental improvements of existing products. If you want more fundamental approaches to DfS,

      you can try Biomimicry, Cradle to Cradle, or Design for a Circular Economy. The Product Journey Map and the Sustainable Business Model Canvas are useful when designing for a circular economy.

      Use the 10 Golden Rules of Design for Sustainability as a memory map. You should always take these 10 rules into account, no matter which DfS approach you choose!

      1 Toxicity : Limit the use of toxic substances and, where such substances are essential, try to arrange closed material loops.

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      2 Housekeeping: Review your routines to minimize energy and resource consumption in production and transport.

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      3 Weight: Choose materials and designs that minimize the weight of the product.

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      4 Energy: Think about how the end product

      will be used and try to minimize the user’s energy and resource consumption.

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      5 Upgrading: Design the product to allow upgrading and repair, especially for long lifespan and system-dependent products.

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      6 Lifetime: Optimize the product for its intended working life.

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      7 Protection: Invest in durable materials and surface treatments to protect the product.

      8 Information: Prepare for upgrading, repair and recycling through accessibility, labeling, modular construction and manuals.

      9 Mixing materials: This affects recyclability in a negative way. Try to use as few materials as possible in simple forms.

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      10 Construction: Use as few joining elements as possible, avoid the unnecessary use of screws and bonding, and look for intelligent geometric solutions.

      The Camden bench is a prime example of hostile architecture, a controversial type of urban design aimed at preventing people from using public spaces in undesirable ways. It can come in the form of spiked or sloped benches, bolts installed on shop doorsteps and windowsills, and even water features that operate at surprising intervals on flat surfaces. The Camden bench required that people couldn’t sleep on it, stash drugs in it, or skate on it.

      This zebra crossing - a concept first introduced in New Delhi, Inda - applies a cleverly-detailed optical illusion causing fast drivers to slow down. On the right: Operating on the theory that exposure to blue light has a calming effect on one’s mood, rail stations in Japan began installing blue LED panels as a suicide-prevention measure. According to a study by researchers at the University of Tokyo data analyzed over a 10-year period shows an 84 percent decline in the number of suicide attempts.

      20. Design for Behavioural Change

      Design for Behavioural Change

      What & Why? Designers are increasingly asked to create interventions via products, services, or combinations that support the realisation of a behavioural change.

      In Design for Behavioural Change, models are used from psychology and social science that aim to describe the psychological process of behaviour. From psychology it is known that when people change their behaviour, they often go through three stages: 1. Awareness of the new behaviour including contemplation and the intention to try the new behaviour, 2. Action preparing and starting the new behaviour, and 3. Maintenance maintaining and habituating the new behaviour. You should be aware of these stages of change with respect to your intended users and then tailor your design accordingly. A change in behaviour is often the main indicator of success, and it can be measured either during the interaction with experience-oriented measurements; directly after the interaction with intention-oriented measurements; or after a longer period following the interaction with behaviour- and attitude-oriented measurements. Design for Behavioural Change is not limited to a behavioural aim in a strict sense, which is understood as

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