(ISC)2 CISSP Certified Information Systems Security Professional Official Study Guide - Mike Chapple

Скачать книгу

as they wage elements of hybrid warfare against their targets. In the last decade, we have seen evidence of several nations, including our own, participate in social media–based influence campaigns. You should realize that you cannot just assume that content you see on a social network is accurate, valid, or complete. Even when quoted by your friends, when referenced in popular media, when seemingly in line with your own expectations, you have to be skeptical of everything that reaches you through your digital communication devices. The use and abuse of social media by adversaries foreign and domestic brings the social engineering attack concept to a whole new level.

      none A great resource for learning how not to fall for false information distributed through the internet is the “Navigating Digital Information” series presented by the YouTube channel CrashCourse: www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtN07XYqqWSKpPrtNDiCHTzU.

      Workers can easily waste time and system resources by interacting with social media when that task is not part of their job description. The company's acceptable user policy (AUP) should indicate that workers need to focus on work while at work rather than spending time on personal or non-work-related tasks.

      Social media can be a means by which workers intentionally or accidentally distribute internal, confidential, proprietary, or PII data to outsiders. This may be accomplished by typing in messages or participating in chats in which they reveal confidential information. This can also be accomplished by distributing or publishing sensitive documents. Responses to social media issues can include blocking access to social media sites by adding IP blocks to firewalls and resolution filters to Domain Name System (DNS) queries. Violating workers need to be reprimanded or even terminated.

      The successful implementation of a security solution requires changes in user behavior. These changes primarily consist of alterations in normal work activities to comply with the standards, guidelines, and procedures mandated by the security policy. Behavior modification involves some level of learning on the part of the user. To develop and manage security education, training, and awareness, all relevant items of knowledge transference must be clearly identified and programs of presentation, exposure, synergy, and implementation crafted.

      Awareness

      none Instructor-led awareness, training, and education provides the best opportunity for real-time feedback from attendees.

      Awareness establishes a minimum standard common denominator or foundation of security understanding. All personnel should be fully aware of their security responsibilities and liabilities. They should be trained to know what to do and what not to do.

      The issues that users must be aware of include avoiding waste, fraud, and unauthorized activities. All members of an organization, from senior management to temporary interns, need the same level of awareness. The awareness program in an organization should be tied in with its security policy, incident-handling plan, business continuity, and disaster recovery procedures. For an awareness-building program to be effective, it must be fresh, creative, and updated often. The awareness program should also be tied to an understanding of how the corporate culture will affect and impact security for individuals as well as the organization as a whole. If employees do not see enforcement of security policies and standards among the C-level executives, especially at the awareness level, then they may not feel obligated to abide by them either.

      Training

      Training is teaching employees to perform their work tasks and to comply with the security policy. Training is typically hosted by an organization and is targeted to groups of employees with similar job functions. All new employees require some level of training so they will be able to comply with all standards, guidelines, and procedures mandated by the security policy. Training is an ongoing activity that must be sustained throughout the lifetime of the organization for every employee. It is considered an administrative security control.

      Methods and techniques to present awareness and training should be revised and improved over time to maximize benefits. This will require that training metrics be collected and evaluated. Improved awareness and training programs may include post-learning testing as well as monitoring for job consistency improvements and reductions in downtime, security incidents, or mistakes. This can be considered a program effectiveness evaluation.

      Awareness and training are often provided in-house. That means these teaching tools are created and deployed by and within the organization itself. However, the next level of knowledge distribution is usually obtained from an external third-party source.

      Education

      Education is a detailed endeavor in which students and users learn much more than they actually need to know to perform their work tasks. Education is most often associated with users pursuing certification or seeking job promotion. It is typically a requirement for personnel seeking security professional positions. A security professional requires extensive knowledge of security and the local environment for the entire organization and not just for their specific work tasks.

      Improvements

      The following are techniques for improving security awareness and training:

       Change the target focus of the training. Sometimes you want to focus on the individual, sometimes on customers and clients, and other times on the organization.

       Change around topic orders or emphasis; maybe focus on social engineering during one training, then next time focus on mobile device security, and then family and travel security after that.

       Use a variety of presentation methods, such as in-person instruction, prerecorded videos, computer software/simulations, virtual reality (VR) experiences, off-site training, interactive websites, or assigned reading of either prepared courseware or off-the-shelf books (such as Scam Me If You Can: Simple Strategies to Outsmart Today's Ripoff Artists, by Frank Abagnale).

       Use role-playing by providing attendees with parts in a reenactment both as attacker and defender, but allow various people to offer ideas related to defending or responding to the attacks.

      Develop and encourage security champions. These are people who take the lead in a project, such as development, leadership, or training, to enable, support, and encourage the adoption of security knowledge and practices through peer leadership, behavior demonstration, and social encouragement. Often a security champion is a member of a group who decides (or is assigned) to take charge of leading the adoption and integration of security concepts into the group's work activities. Security champions are often non-security employees who take up the mantle to encourage others to support and adopt more security practices and behaviors. Security champions are often found in software development, but this concept can be useful in any group of employees in any department.

Скачать книгу