English Synonyms and Antonyms - James Champlin Fernald

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may abase the good; nothing but their own ill-doing can debase or disgrace them.

      Antonyms:

advance, elevate, honor, raise,
aggrandize, exalt, promote, uplift.
dignify,

      [3]

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      Synonyms:

bewilder, daunt, embarrass, mortify,
chagrin, discompose, humble, overawe,
confound, disconcert, humiliate, shame.
confuse, dishearten,

      Any sense of inferiority abashes, with or without the sense of wrong. The poor are abashed at the splendor of wealth, the ignorant at the learning of the wise. "I might have been abashed by their authority." Gladstone Homeric Synchron., p. 72. [H. '76.] To confuse is to bring into a state of mental bewilderment; to confound is to overwhelm the mental faculties; to daunt is to subject to a certain degree of fear. Embarrass is a strong word, signifying primarily hamper, hinder, impede. A solitary thinker may be confused by some difficulty in a subject, or some mental defect; one is embarrassed in the presence of others, and because of their presence. Confusion is of the intellect, embarrassment of the feelings. A witness may be embarrassed by annoying personalities, so as to become confused in statements. To mortify a person is to bring upon him a painful sense of humiliation, whether because of his own or another's fault or failure. A pupil is confused by a perplexing question, a general confounded by overwhelming defeat. A hostess is discomposed by the tardiness of guests, a speaker disconcerted by a failure of memory. The criminal who is not abashed at detection may be daunted by the officer's weapon. Sudden joy may bewilder, but will not abash. The true worshiper is humbled rather than abashed before God. The parent is mortified by the child's rudeness, the child abashed at the parent's reproof. The embarrassed speaker finds it difficult to proceed. The mob is overawed by the military, the hypocrite shamed by exposure. "A man whom no denial, no scorn could abash." Fielding Amelia bk. iii, ch. 9, p. 300. [B. & S. '71.] Compare CHAGRIN; HINDER.

      Antonyms:

animate, cheer, encourage, rally,
buoy, embolden, inspirit, uphold.

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      Synonyms:

decline, ebb, mitigate, reduce,
decrease, lessen, moderate, subside.
diminish, lower,

      The storm, the fever, the pain abates. Interest declines. Misfortunes may be mitigated, desires moderated, intense anger[4] abated, population decreased, taxes reduced. We abate a nuisance, terminate a controversy, suppress a rebellion. See ALLEVIATE.

      Antonyms:

aggravate, enhance, foment, rage,
amplify, enlarge, increase, raise,
continue, extend, magnify, revive.
develop,

      Prepositions:

      Abate in fury; abated by law.

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      Synonyms:

abridgment, contraction.

      An abbreviation is a shortening by any method; a contraction is a reduction of size by the drawing together of the parts. A contraction of a word is made by omitting certain letters or syllables and bringing together the first and last letters or elements; an abbreviation may be made either by omitting certain portions from the interior or by cutting off a part; a contraction is an abbreviation, but an abbreviation is not necessarily a contraction; rec't for receipt, mdse. for merchandise, and Dr. for debtor are contractions; they are also abbreviations; Am. for American is an abbreviation, but not a contraction. Abbreviation and contraction are used of words and phrases, abridgment of books, paragraphs, sentences, etc. Compare ABRIDGMENT.

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      Synonyms:

advocate, countenance, incite, sanction,
aid, embolden, instigate,

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