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      Blackwell Textbooks in Linguistics

      The books included in this series provide comprehensive accounts of some of the most central and most rapidly developing areas of research in linguistics. Intended primarily for introductory and post‐introductory students, they include exercises, discussion points and suggestions for further reading.

      1 Liliane Haegeman, Introduction to Government and Binding Theory (Second Edition)

      2 Andrew Spencer, Morphological Theory

      3 Helen Goodluck, Language Acquisition

      4 Martin Atkinson, Children’s Syntax

      5 Diane Blakemore, Understanding Utterances

      6 Michael Kenstowicz, Phonology in Generative Grammar

      7 Deborah Schiffrin, Approaches to Discourse

      8 John Clark, Colin Yallop, and Janet Fletcher, An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology (Third Edition)

      9 Natsuko Tsujimura, An Introduction to Japanese Linguistics (Third Edition)

      10 Robert D. Borsley, Modern Phrase Structure Grammar

      11 Nigel Fabb, Linguistics and Literature

      12 Irene Heim and Angelika Kratzer, Semantics in Generative Grammar

      13 Liliane Haegeman and Jacqueline Guéron, English Grammar: A Generative Perspective

      14 Stephen Crain and Diane Lillo‐Martin, An Introduction to Linguistic Theory and Language Acquisition

      15 Barbara A. Fennell, A History of English: A Sociolinguistic Approach

      16 Henry Rogers, Writing Systems: A Linguistic ApproachBenjamin W. Fortson IV, Indo‐European Language and Culture: An Introduction (Second Edition)

      17 Liliane Haegeman, Thinking Syntactically: A Guide to Argumentation and Analysis

      18 Mark Hale, Historical Linguistics: Theory and Method

      19 Bruce Hayes, Introductory Phonology

      20 Betty J. Birner, Introduction to Pragmatics

      21 Joan Bresnan, Lexical‐Functional Syntax (Second Edition)

      22 Henning Reetz, Allard Jongman, Phonetics: Transcription, Production, Acoustics, and Perception (Second Edition)

      23 Ronald Wardhaugh and Janet M. Fuller, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (Eighth Edition)

       Forthcoming:

      Benjamin W Fortson, Indo‐European Language and Culture: An Introduction (Third Edition)

      AN INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLINGUISTICS

      RONALD WARDHAUGH AND JANET M. FULLER

      EIGHTH EDITION

      This edition first published 2021

      © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

      Edition History

      Basil Blackwell Ltd (1e 1986); Blackwell Publishers Ltd (2e 1992, 3e 1998, and 4e 2002); Blackwell Publishing Ltd (5e 2006, 6e 2010); Wiley Blackwell (7e 2015)

      All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

      The right of Ronald Wardhaugh and Janet M. Fuller to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

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      Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting scientific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.

       Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

      Names: Wardhaugh, Ronald, author. | Fuller, Janet M., 1962– author.

      Title: An introduction to sociolinguistics / Ronald Wardhaugh and Janet M. Fuller.

      Description: 8th edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley‐Blackwell, 2021. | Series: Blackwell textbooks in linguistics | Includes bibliographical references and index.

      Identifiers: LCCN 2021004384 (print) | LCCN 2021004385 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119473428 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119473497 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119473541 (epub)

      Subjects: LCSH: Sociolinguistics.

      Classification: LCC P40 .W27 2021 (print) | LCC

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