The History of Chess - H. J. R. Murray

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the a-file moves to e1.

      If the piece make a capture, the description of the square to which the piece moves is omitted, and in its place × or takes R, Kt, &c. is written. Thus

      Kt × R means Knight takes Rook.

      Here again ambiguity is avoided (a) by adding the description of the square from which the piece moves in brackets, as above; (b) by adding to the symbol of the captured piece the description of the square on which it stands; (c) by adding both descriptions; or, in the case of Pawns (d) prefixing to one or other, or both of the Pawns, the file upon which it stands. Thus

      Kt(e2) × Kt; or Kt × Kt(c4); or Kt(e2) × Kt(c4); or aP × P; or P × dP; or cP × dP; all of which will be intelligible from what has been said before. The briefest method naturally has the preference.

      If a piece gives check, this is expressed by placing + or ch after the description of the move, with the special forms

      dbl + or ++ , double check; +d (also dis ch), discovered check; + r, checkrook, a check forking King and Rook; m., mate.

      Other symbols are 0–0, castles on King’s wing; 0–0–0, castles on Queen’s wing; images, moves (the exact move not being specified); =, even game;!, good move;?, bad or inferior move.

      CONTRACTIONS

       Table of Contents

a.In dates, ante.
AF.Anglo-French.
Ar.Arabic.
B.Bishop or corresponding piece.
B.In dates, born.
b.In Muslim names ibn (son of).
B1.Black.
e.Century.
c.In dates, circa.
Cat.Catalan.
ch.Check.
Chin.Chinese.
Cor.Corean.
Croat.Croatian.
Cz.Czech.
D.In dates, died.
Dan.Danish.
Du.Dutch.
Eng.English.
Fr.French.
G.In quotations from MF. books, taken from Godefroi.
Ger.German.
Gr.Greek.
HG.High German.
Hun.Hungarian.
Ic.Icelandic.
It.Italian.
Jap.Japanese.
K.King or corresponding piece.
K.In Ar. titles of books, Kitāb.
L.Latin.
LG.Low German.
m.Mate, Checkmate.
M.Middle, in ME., Middle English; MF. Middle French; MHG. Middle High German, &c.
N.Modern, in NDu. Modern Dutch, &c.
O.Old, in OF., Old French; OHG., Old High German, &c.
P.Pawn or corresponding piece.
Per.Persian.
Pg.Portuguese.
Pol.Polish.
Prov.Provençal.
Q.Queen or corresponding piece.
R.Rook or corresponding piece.
Roum.Roumanian.
Rus.Russian.
Sc.Scotch.
Serv.Servian.
Skr.Sanskrit.
Sp.Spanish.
St.In quotations from MF. books, taken from Strohmeyer.
Sw.Swedish.
Tib.Tibetan.
Turk.Turkish.
Wh.White.

      CONTRACTED TITLES OF MAGAZINES AND PERIODICALS

      BCM. British Chess Magazine, Leeds, 1881 onwards. Reference to (year), (p.).

      ORG. Chess Player’s Chronicle, London, 1841–52. New series, 1853–6. Third series. 1859–62. Reference to (year), (p.).

      CPM. Chess Player’s Magazine, London, 1863–4. New series, 1865–7. Reference to (year), (p.).

      JRAS. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, London. Reference to (year), (vol.), (p.).

      Monatsb. Monatsbericht der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Berlin. Reference to (year), (p.).

      Sch. Schachzeitung, Berlin, 1846–53. Leipzig, 1859 onwards. Reference to (year), (p.).

      ZDMG. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, Leipzig, 1846 onwards. Reference to (year), (vol.), (p.).

      In accordance with the usual custom, Muslim dates are given according to both Muhammadan and Christian chronology, e.g. 740 (A.H.)/1340 (A.D.).

      BOOKS AND ARTICLES CONSULTED FOR THE HISTORY OF CHESS

       Table of Contents

      I. GENERAL

      Branch, W. S., A Sketch of Chess History, in BCM, 1899–1900. Brunet y Bellet, J., El Ajedrez, Barcelona, 1890. Culin, S., Chess and Playing-Cards, Washington, 1898 (Reference: Culin, C. & P. C.). Falkener, E., Games Ancient and Oriental, London, 1892 (Reference: Falk.). Forbes, D., History of Chess, London, 1860 (Reference: Forbes). Hyde, T., Mandragorias seu Historia Shahiludii, Oxford, 1694 (Reference to Syntagma Dissertationum, ed. G. Sharpe, Oxford, 1767, as Hyde, II). Van der Linde, A., Geschichte und Litteratur des Schachspiels, Berlin, 1874–5 (Reference: v. d. Linde). Das erste Jahrtausend des Schachspiels, Berlin, 1880 (Reference: JT.). Quellenstudien zur Geschichte des Schachspiels, Berlin, 1881 (Reference: Qst.). Von der Lasa, Zur Geschichte und Literatur des Schachspiels, Leipzig, 1897 (Reference: v. d. Lasa).

      II. INDIAN CHESS

      Cox, Capt. Hiram, On the Burmha Game of Chess, compared with the Indian, Chinese, and Persian Game of the same Denomination (1799), in Asiatic Researches, London, 1803, vii. 486–511. Fiske, D. W., The Early History of Chess, in the Nation, New York, Aug. 16, 1900, 132–4 (Reference: N. Y. Nation, Aug. 16, 1900). Jacobi, H., Ueber zwei ältere Erwähnungen des Schachspiels in der Sanskrit-Litteratur, in ZDMG., 1896, 1. 227–33. Jones, Sir William, On the Indian Game of Chess, in Asiatic Researches, London, 1790, ii. 159–65. Macdonell, A. A., The Origin and Early History of Chess, in JRAS., Jan. 1898, xxx. 117–41 (Reference: Macdonell, JRAS.) Murray, H. J. R., Modern Discoveries in Chess History, in BCM., 1900, 425–35. Parker, H., Ancient Ceylon, London, 1909, 586. 605–7. Singha, G. B. L., in Chess Amateur, Stroud, 1909. Thomas, F. W., The Indian Game of Chess, in ZDMG., 1898, lii. 271–2; and 1899, liii. 364. Tiruveṇgaḍāchārya Shāstrī (Trevangadacharya Shastree), Essays on Chess Adapted to the European mode of play, Bombay, 1814 (Reference: Tiruv.). Von der Lasa, in Chess Monthly, London, 1883–4, iv. 266. Weber, A., Einige Daten über das Schachspiel nach indischen Quellen, in Monatsb., 1872, 59–89. Nachträge zu der Abhandlung über das indische Schachspiel, in Monatsb, 1872, 562–8. Neue Nachträge, in Monatsb., 1873, 705–35. Stenzler’s Lösung des Rösselsprunges, in Monatsb., 1874, 21–6. Windisch, E., Zu ‘The Indian Game of Chess,’ in ZDMG., 1898, lii. 512.

      Chess in India, in CPM., 1865, i. 330; 1866, ii. 34, 100. Chess Play among the Natives of India, in CPC., 1843, iv. 149.

      Native works. (1) Hindustani. Lala Raja Babu Sahib, Mo’allim ul Shaṭranj, Delhi, 1901. Syamakiṣora, Risāla i Shaṭranj, Benares, 1885. Dalchand Bulandshahri, Kawā’id i tash o shaṭranj, Saharampur, 1887. Durgāprasāda, Risāla i shaṭranj, Delhi, 1890. (2) Hindi. Ambikādatta Vyāsa, Chaturanga chaturi, Benares, 1884. (3) Bengali. Brahmanānda Chaṭṭopādhyāya, Akshabala-charita, Calcutta, 1856. (4) Marathi. Mangesa Rāmakrishna Telanga, Buddhibalāchā khela, Bombay, 1893. Vinayaka Rajarama Tope, Buddhibalakrīda, Poona, 1893.

      III. MALAY CHESS

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