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      21 21 Goericke‐Pesch, S. (2010). Reproduction control in cats: new developments in non‐surgical methods. J. Feline Med. Surg. 12: 539–546.

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      1 Asa, C.S. (2018). Contraception in dogs and cats. Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 48: 733–742.

      2 Goerick‐Pesch, S. (2010). Reproduction control in cats: new developments in non‐surgical methods. J. Feline Med. Surg. 12: 539–546.

      3 Kustritz, M.V. (2014). Pros, cons, and techniques of pediatric neutering. Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 44: 221–233.

      4 Wiebe, V.J. (2009). Pharmacologic advances in canine and feline reproduction. Top. Compan. Anim. Med. 24 (2): 71–99.

       Donna L. Harris, DVM, MBA, MS(Strategic Foresight)

       College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

      The veterinary healthcare team (VHT) is on the front line of the intersection of animals and the people in their lives, and the One Health concept recognizes the interconnection between people, animals, and the environment they share. The VHT has the responsibility to recognize and educate clients about the effects (both good and bad) that come with owning, caring, and living with animals. Sometimes this responsibility extends to collaborating with other healthcare fields to achieve the best outcomes.

      2.19.1 Terms Defined

      Ecosystem: A system that includes all the organisms and their interactions with each other and the environment around them.

      One Health: A concept or an approach that recognizes the interconnection between people, animals, and the environment and has a goal of optimal health for each.

      Zoonotic disease: A disease caused by an agent that can pass between animals and people.

Schematic illustration of three interlinked circles describing the one health concept.

      Animal owners come to the VHT for advice and education on keeping their pets healthy but because of these close connections, it also means keeping people and the environment healthy. The VHT should be knowledgeable about how their actions fit into the larger picture of the human/animal environment.

      2.19.2 Zoonotic Diseases

      Zoonotic diseases are those that can pass between people and animals (see 4.3 Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases). These can be microbes, viruses or parasites. Clients are often shocked to learn that the worms in their puppy's or kitten's intestines can be passed to themselves or their children. People with compromised immune systems and children are most at risk from getting sick from their animals. Worms are just one example of parasites

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