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Pet-Specific Care for the Veterinary Team. Группа авторов
Читать онлайн.Название Pet-Specific Care for the Veterinary Team
Год выпуска 0
isbn 9781119540700
Автор произведения Группа авторов
Жанр Биология
Издательство John Wiley & Sons Limited
2.18.5 Ovariectomy Versus Ovariohysterectomy
Ovariohysterectomy is the standard sterilization surgery for bitches and queens in the US. Removing the uterus prevents uterine pathology [18]. However, uterine tumors are infrequent. Most that occur are benign and surgery is curative [18].
Ovariectomy has replaced OVH in the Netherlands and much of Europe. Because OVE spares the uterus, the procedure is associated with smaller incisions. OVE may also be performed as a minimally invasive technique using laparoscopy [19].
2.18.6 Alternatives to Permanent Sterilization
Because permanent sterilization is not considered medically or ethically appropriate by all nations and cultures, research interest in reversible contraception has grown [6, 20]. Synthetic progestins, such as megestrol acetate (MA) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), may be administered to suppress follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), without which follicles will not mature to ovulation [3, 21]. Adverse effects may be significant, particularly in cats [21, 22].
Other methods of reversible contraception that are being explored include [3, 21, 23–32]:
prolonged exposure to gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists
canine intrauterine devices (IUDs)
chemical castration with intratesticular injectable agents such as arginine stabilized zinc gluconate, chlorhexidine digluconate, calcium chloride admixed with dimethyl sulfoxide, etc
mechanical castration, using ultrasound to induce testicular necrosis
vaccinations against LH and GnRH, spermatozoa, or zona pellucida proteins
melatonin implants.
Toblerone is a 1‐year‐old intact female Great Dane that presents to you for elective surgical sterilization. Given the breed's predisposition to gastric‐dilation volvulus (GDV), the client is interested in prophylactic gastropexy at the time of OVH. However, he worries about intraoperative hemorrhage and the large incision. You indicate that there is an alternative to the traditional laparotomy that is required to perform both procedures. You suggest that the patient undergoes laparoscopic OVE and gastropexy.
Pet overpopulation is a global, multifaceted, animal welfare issue.
Sterilization surgery is considered the standard of care in the US as a means of population control.
Early‐age gonadectomy is increasingly common given that safe anesthetic protocols have been developed.
The desire for less invasive procedures has led to the successful adoption of OVE in other countries.
Research is growing in the area of reversible contraception.
2.18.7 Cautions
Gonadectomy is not without risk. Surgical complication rates vary from study to study; however, as many as 6.1–27% of bitches and 2.6–33% of queens experience postoperative complications [9, 33].
Obesity is common among neutered dogs and cats [6, 10]. In addition, neutered dogs are at greater risk of developing:
prostatic neoplasia [6]
transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) [34, 35]
osteosarcoma [36, 37]
cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) [14].
Timing of gonadectomy may also influence a patient's predisposition to orthopedic disease [6, 14]. A recent study of 1842 dogs suggests that dogs neutered before 5 months of age have an increased incidence of hip dysplasia [4, 14].
Interest in reversible contraceptive methods continues to build but its efficacy and the potential for adverse effects remain concerns.
References
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2 2 Pet Statistics. (2019). www.aspca.org/animal‐homelessness/shelter‐intake‐and‐surrender/pet‐statistics
3 3 Asa, C.S. (2018). Contraception in dogs and cats. Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 48: 733–742.
4 4 Spain, C.V., Scarlett, J.M., and Houpt, K.A. (2004). Long‐term risks and benefits of early‐age gonadectomy in dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 224: 380–387.
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13 13 Misdorp, W. (1988). Canine mammary tumours: protective effect of late ovariectomy and stimulating effect of progestins. Vet. Q. 10: 26–33.
14 14 Reichler, I.M. (2009). Gonadectomy in cats and dogs: a review of risks and benefits. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 44 (Suppl 2): 29–35.
15 15 Kustritz, M.V.R. (1996). Elective gonadectomy in the cat. Feline Pract. 24: 36–39.
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17 17 Howe, L.M. (1997). Short‐term results and complications of prepubertal gonadectomy in cats and dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 211: 57–62.
18 18 van Goethem, B., Schaefers‐Okkens, A., and Kirpensteijn, J. (2006). Making a rational choice between ovariectomy and ovariohysterectomy in the dog: a discussion of the benefits of either technique. Vet. Surg. 35: 136–143.
19 19 DeTora, M. and McCarthy, R.J. (2011). Ovariohysterectomy versus ovariectomy for elective sterilization of female dogs and cats: is removal of the uterus necessary? J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 239: 1409–1412.
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