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Sidekicks Marquise Villa Roma DN15480005 Aug 16 2006 M Half(Dam) BT‐5093G28 BT‐EL2365M28 Sidekicks Marinos Villa Roma 1 096 588 Aug 16 2006 M Half(Dam) BT‐5122G29 BT‐EL2393M29 Sidekicks Newsflash DN21567304 May 5 2008 F Half(Dam) BT‐5437E30 BT‐EL2673F30 BT‐3959 BT‐TH600/39 Sidekicks Never Say Never DN21567301 May 5 2008 F Half(Dam) BT‐5527G37 BT‐EL2762F37 BT‐3983

      ^a A hip result is a two‐letter breed code followed by the evaluation number, a subjective code for the hip conformation (E = excellent; G = good; F = fair), and the age of the dog in months when the hips were evaluated.

      ^b An elbow result is a two‐letter breed code followed by EL that indicates the number is associated with elbows, the evaluation number, an abbreviation of the sex of the dog (M = male; F = female), and the age of the dog in months when the elbows were evaluated.

      ^c An eye result is a two‐letter breed code followed by either the abbreviation EYE that indicates the number is associated with eyes or just the evaluation number.

      ^d A thyroid result is a two‐letter breed code followed by TH that indicates the number is associated with thyroid, the evaluation number, and the age of the dog in months when the thyroid was evaluated.

Dogs are the companion species with the greatest number of health screens available; these screens range from phenotypic tests such as hip conformation, eye, cardiac, or metabolic hormonal profiles to direct genetic mutation tests (see 3.11 Integrating Genotypic and Phenotypic Testing). Depending upon the registry, any and all health information may be collected and reported along with descriptive statistics such as sex, breed, age, etc. Alternatively, a select subset of screening tests that meet particular criteria may be recorded along with the descriptors. An example of the latter is the OFA Canine Health Information Center health registry, the largest repository of canine health information in the US, which covers purebred dog breeds as well as mixed‐breed dogs and some other species. The health screening data recorded and published by the OFA are limited to phenotypic results obtained through examinations and testing by professional veterinarians with the appropriate board certifications and DNA‐based results from validated genetic tests (Table 3.7.3).

Table 3.7.3 Genetic test screenings recorded in the OFA Canine Health Information Center health registry

      Source: Data from www.ofa.org.

Phenotypic genetic tests	Mutation tests
Hip dysplasia	Adult‐onset neuropathy
Elbow dysplasia	Adult paroxysmal dyskinesia
Cardiac disease	Basenji progressive retinal atrophy
Congenital deafness	Canine multiple system degeneration
Serum bile acid	Degenerative encephalopathy
Eye disease	Degenerative myelopathy
Legg–Calvé–Perthes	Dilated cardiomyopathy
Patellar luxation	Fanconi’s syndrome
Sebaceous adenitis	Gangliosidosis
Spine	Juvenile laryngeal paralysis and polyneuropathy
Shoulder osteochondrosis	Neonatal cerebellar ataxia
Thyroid	Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
Tracheal hypoplasia	Neonatal encephalopathy with seizures
Dentition	Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphate deficiency
Kidney	Primary lens luxation
	RCD4 progressive retinal atrophy
	Spinocerebellar ataxia
	Spongiform leukoencephalomyelopathy

In contrast, some individual dog breed clubs maintain their own health databases managed by dedicated club members. These breed‐specific health registries usually catalogue health conditions more typically observed within that breed as well as collecting information on a multiplicity of medical conditions. The information gathered and recorded often includes anecdotal descriptions of health issues. Although professional diagnoses are the most valuable for reliable use in decision making, sometimes aggregate anecdotal information reveals an emerging health issue.

      Health screening results for cats can also be deposited with the OFA, although participation has been limited. The reduced data may be due to fewer health screens being typically employed by cat owners or that the health registration for cats is more decentralized and maintained within breed clubs. A similar breed‐specific approach is seen for equine health registries. Additionally, some registries are specific for a particular condition within a specific breed, such as the International Epilepsy Register for Belgian Shepherds. Registries targeting a single condition or those more anecdotal in nature are much less valuable to the veterinary and research community than the registries that are more comprehensive and centralized with health screenings validated by professionals.

      3.7.5 Research Organizations

In general, research into the inheritance and genetic basis of health conditions occurs within university laboratories, institutes, veterinary organizations, and commercial genetic testing enterprises. The research is frequently undertaken in collaboration with veterinary professionals and owners, often relying upon

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