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Essentials of Diseases of the Skin. Henry Weightman Stelwagon
Читать онлайн.Название Essentials of Diseases of the Skin
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isbn 4057664639967
Автор произведения Henry Weightman Stelwagon
Жанр Языкознание
Издательство Bookwire
Small, circumscribed, solid elevations, rarely exceeding the size of a split-pea, and usually superficially seated; as, for example, the papules of eczema, of acne, and of cutaneous syphilis.
What are tubercles (tubercula)?
Circumscribed, solid elevations, commonly pea-sized and usually deep-seated; as, for example, the tubercles of syphilis, of leprosy, and of lupus.
What are wheals (pomphi)?
Variously-sized and shaped, whitish, pinkish or reddish elevations, of an evanescent character; as, for example, the lesions of urticaria, the lesions produced by the bite of a mosquito or by the sting of a nettle.
What are tumors (tumores)?
Soft or firm elevations, usually large and prominent, and having their seat in the corium and subcutaneous tissue; as, for example, sebaceous tumors, gummata, and the lesions of fibroma.
What are vesicles (vesiculæ)?
Pin-head to pea-sized, circumscribed epidermal elevations, containing serous fluid; as, for example, the so-called fever-blisters, the lesions of herpes zoster, and of vesicular eczema.
What are blebs (bullæ)?
Rounded or irregularly-shaped, pea to egg-sized epidermic elevations, with fluid contents; in short, they are essentially the same as vesicles and pustules except as to size; as, for example, the blebs of pemphigus, rhus poisoning, and syphilis.
What are pustules (pustulæ)?
Circumscribed epidermic elevations containing pus; as, for example, the pustules of acne, of impetigo, and of sycosis.
Secondary Lesions.
What are secondary lesions?
Those lesions resulting from accidental or natural change, modification or termination of the primary lesions.
Enumerate the secondary lesions.
Scales, crusts, excoriations, fissures, ulcers, scars and stains.
What are scales (squamæ)?
Dry, laminated, epidermal exfoliations; as, for example, the scales of psoriasis, ichthyosis, and eczema.
What are crusts (crustæ)?
Dried effete masses of exudation; as, for example, the crusts of impetigo, of eczema, and of the pustular and ulcerating syphilodermata.
What are excoriations (excoriationes)?
Superficial, usually epidermal, linear or punctate loss of tissue; as, for example, ordinary scratch-marks.
What are fissures (rhagades)?
Linear cracks or wounds, involving the epidermis, or epidermis and corium; as, for example, the cracks which often occur in eczema when seated about the joints, the cracks of chapped lips and hands.
What are ulcers (ulcera)?
Rounded or irregularly-shaped and sized loss of skin and subcutaneous tissue resulting from disease; as, for example, the ulcers of syphilis and of cancer.
What are scars (cicatrices)?
Connective-tissue new formations replacing loss of substance.
What are stains?
Discolorations left by cutaneous disease, which stains may be transitory or permanent.
Distribution and Configuration.
What do you mean by a patch of eruption?
A single group or aggregation of lesions or an area of disease.
When is an eruption said to be limited or localized?
When it is confined to one part or region.
When is an eruption said to be general or generalized?
When it is scattered, uniformly or irregularly, over the entire surface.
When is an eruption universal?
When the whole integument is involved, without any intervening healthy skin.
When is an eruption said to be discrete?
When the lesions constituting the eruption are isolated, having more or less intervening normal skin.
When is an eruption confluent?
When the lesions constituting the eruption are so closely crowded that a solid sheet results.
When is an eruption uniform?
When the lesions constituting the eruption are all of one type or character.
When is an eruption multiform?
When the lesions constituting the eruption are of two or more types or characters.
When are lesions said to be aggregated?
When they tend to form groups or closely-crowded patches.
When are lesions disseminated?
When they are irregularly scattered, with no tendency to form groups or patches.
When is a patch of eruption said to be circinate?
When it presents a rounded form, and usually tending to clear in the centre; as, for example, a patch of ringworm.
When is a patch of eruption said to be annular?
When it is ring-shaped, the central portion being clear; as, for example, in erythema annulare.
What meaning is conveyed by the term “iris”?
The patch of eruption is made up of several concentric rings. Difference of duration of the individual rings, usually slight, tends to give the patch variegated coloration; as, for example, in erythema iris and herpes iris.
What meaning is conveyed by the term “marginate”?
The sheet of eruption is sharply defined against the healthy skin; as, for example, in erythema marginatum, eczema marginatum.
What meaning is conveyed by the qualifying term “circumscribed”?
The term is applied to small, usually more or less rounded, patches, when sharply defined; as, for example, the typical patches of psoriasis.
When is the qualifying term “gyrate” employed?
When the patches arrange themselves in an irregular winding or festoon-like manner; as, for instance, in some cases of psoriasis. It results, usually, from the coalescence of several rings, the eruption disappearing at the points of contact.
When is an eruption said to be serpiginous?
When the eruption spreads at the border, clearing up at the older part; as, for instance, in the serpiginous syphiloderm.
RELATIVE FREQUENCY.
Name the more common cutaneous diseases and state approximately their