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ANYSUS ( Ἄνυσος, ὁ)

      CHRISTOPHER BARON

       University of Notre Dame

      Patronymic, father of TETRAMNESTUS (of SIDON in Phoenicia). Tetramnestus served as one of the non‐Persian admirals in XERXES’ fleet in 480 BCE (7.98). The Phoenician form of Anysus’ name is not known, and some MANUSCRIPTS of the Histories read “Allesus” ( Ἄλλησος) instead. The CHRONOLOGY of the known dynasties at Sidon remains uncertain (Elayi 2006).

      SEE ALSO: Persian Wars; Phoenicians

      REFERENCE

      1 Elayi, Josette. 2006. “An Updated Chronology of the Reigns of Phoenician Kings during the Persian Period (539–333 bce).” Transeuphratène 32: 11–43.

ANYTIS (ὁ Ἀνύτιος νομός)

      CHRISTOPHER BARON

       University of Notre Dame

      An administrative district or nome (Greek νομός, Egyptian sp˒ ͗t [sepat]) of ancient EGYPT. Herodotus lists Anytis as one source of men for the CALASIRIES, a group within the Egyptian warrior class (2.166.1). Herodotus’ list does not map exactly onto other ancient evidence for nomes, but Anytis was probably located in the northeast portion of the Nile DELTA. Its capital was presumably ANYSIS, usually identified with the later Roman Heracleopolis Parva, modern Tell Belim.

      SEE ALSO: Warfare

      FURTHER READING

      1 Lloyd, Alan B. 1988. Herodotus: Book II, Commentary 99–182, 194–95. Leiden: Brill.

      2 Spencer, Jeffrey. 2002. “The Exploration of Tell Belim, 1999–2002.” JEA 88: 37–51.

APARYTAE (Ἀπαρύται, οἱ)

      CHRISTOPHER BARON

       University of Notre Dame

      In providing a list of the provinces (archai or SATRAPIES, 3.89.1) into which DARIUS I divided the Persian Empire, Herodotus states (3.91.4) that the Aparytae were part of the seventh administrative district (νομός, nome). They may have inhabited an area west of the INDUS RIVER (BA 6 B3), near modern‐day Peshawar, Pakistan.

      SEE ALSO: Catalogues; India

      FURTHER READING

      1 Asheri in ALC, 479–81, 538–42.

APATURIA (Ἀπατούρια, τά)

      DANIELLE KELLOGG

       Brooklyn College and the Graduate Center, CUNY

The Apaturia (or Apatouria) was a FESTIVAL considered a marker of Ionian identity, according to Herodotus, who says that IONIANS were those “who derive from Athens and celebrate the Apaturia festival. All Ionians celebrate it except the Ephesians and Colophonians” (1.47). Most of our knowledge of the festival comes from ATHENS. The Apaturia was associated with the phratries, social groups in which membership was hereditary, and whose main function in the classical period in Attica was supervision of the legitimacy of the CHILDREN of members. The phratries celebrated the Apaturia during the month of Pyanopsion at individual phratry centers throughout Attica. It lasted for three days, and the main function was to enroll new phratry members (see schol. Ar. Ach. 146 for the names of the days of the festival and the main SACRIFICES and observances).

      SEE ALSO: Ethnicity; Religion, Greek

      FURTHER READING

      1 Lambert, S. D. 2001. The Phratries of Attica. 2nd edition, 143–89. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

      2 Parker, Robert. 2007. Polytheism and Society at Athens, 458–61. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

      3 Roussel, Denis. 1976. Tribu et cité: études sur les groupes sociaux dans les cités grecques aux époques archaïque et classique. Paris: Les Belles Lettres.

APHETAE (’Αϕέται, αἱ)

      ANDREW NICHOLS

       University of Florida

      Coastal town in MAGNESIA in northern Greece, located on the Gulf of PAGASAE. XERXES stationed his fleet there after losing 400 ships in a storm near Cape SEPIAS (7.193, 196) and used it as a base of operations for his naval campaign against the Greek fleet at ARTEMISIUM in 480 BCE (8.4–12; Diod. Sic. 11.12.3), nearly 80 stades (about 9 miles) to the south. A man named SCYLLIAS was said to have deserted from the Persians by swimming the entire distance from Aphetae to Artemisium underwater (8.8).

      The exact location of Aphetae is unknown, but it lay somewhere on the eastern coast of the Gulf of Pagasae, perhaps in the vicinity of Trikeri just inside the gulf’s mouth (Leake 1835, 4: 396–97) or further east on the southern coast of Magnesia facing the Artemisium Channel (Stählin 1967, 55–56; cf. BA 55 E2). According to the tradition reported by Herodotus (7.193; similarly Strabo 9.5.15/C436, Ap. Rhod. 1.591), the place takes its name from the fact that JASON and the Argonauts decided to leave (ἀϕήσειν, aphēsein) HERACLES there when they were heading out to SEA on the way to COLCHIS (cf. Steph. Byz. s.v. ’Αϕέται (A 553)). Drawing from Pherecydes, whom Herodotus may also be following, Apollodorus (Bibl. 1.9.19) reports that it was the ARGO itself who spoke to Jason in a human voice, warning him that Heracles would have been too heavy to take on board.

      SEE ALSO: Etymology; Myth; Naval Warfare; Persian Wars; Thessaly

      REFERENCES

      1 Leake, William Martin. 1835. Travels in Northern Greece. 4 vols. London: J. Rodwell.

      2 Stählin, Friedrich. 1967 [1924]. Das hellenische Thessalien: Landeskundliche und geschichtliche Beschreibung Thessaliens in der hellenistischen und römischen Zeit. Amsterdam: Hakkert.

APHIDNA ( Ἄϕιδναι, αἱ)

      CHRISTOPHER BARON

       University of Notre Dame

      A DEME (district, precinct) of ancient ATHENS, in northeastern Attica inland from MARATHON (BA 59 C2; Müller I, 603–4). Aphidna was the second‐largest Attic deme, after Acharnae. Aphidna appears in Herodotus’ mythological DIGRESSION on DECELEA after the Battle of PLATAEA: the Athenians say that when the sons of TYNDAREUS invaded Attica to recover HELEN from THESEUS, they were guided to Aphidna, which TITACUS betrayed to them (9.73). Aphidna also occurs as a demotic for two Athenians: CALLIMACHUS (commander‐in‐chief (polemarch) of the Athenian army at Marathon, 6.109.2) and TIMODEMUS (an enemy of THEMISTOCLES, 8.125.1).

      SEE ALSO: Date of Composition; Myth

      FURTHER READING

      1 Whitehead, David. 1986. The Demes of Attica, 508/7–ca. 250 B.C.: A Political and Social Study. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

APHRODISIAS ISLAND (ἡ Ἀϕροδισιὰς νῆσος)

      CHRISTOPHER BARON

       University of Notre Dame

      Island off the coast of LIBYA (north Africa) east of CYRENE

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