LITMIR.BIZ

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University of Notre Dame

      Patronymic, Samian, father of THEOMESTOR (8.85.2; 9.90.1). Theomestor was appointed TYRANT at SAMOS by the Persians in 480 BCE as a reward for his service at the Battle of SALAMIS; it is unlikely that Androdamas served as tyrant previously (Berve 1967, 1: 115–16), but nothing else is known of him.

      SEE ALSO: Polycrates

      REFERENCE

      1 Berve, Helmut. 1967. Die Tyrannis bei den Griechen. 2 vols. Munich: C. H. Beck.

ANDROMEDA (Ἀνδρομέδη, ἡ)

      EMILY VARTO

       Dalhousie University

      Wife of PERSEUS and daughter of Cassiepeia/Cassiopeia and CEPHEUS. Cepheus was son of BELUS and an early king of the Persians, according to Herodotus (7.61); other authors cite Cepheus as king of BABYLON (Hellanicus BNJ 4 F59), Ioppa/PHOENICIA (Conon BNJ 26 F1.40), or ETHIOPIA (Eur. Andr.; Apollod. Bibl. 2.4.3). In Greek mythology, Andromeda was bound to a rock as a victim for a monster sent by POSEIDON to destroy the land of Cepheus (Eratosth. [Cat.] 15–17, 36). Perseus killed the monster, saved Andromeda, and married her, bringing her to ARGOS and TIRYNS, where she bore him several children (Herodorus BNJ 31 F15; Apollod. Bibl. 2.4.4–5). According to Herodotus, Andromeda and Perseus’ son PERSES succeeded Cepheus and became the eponymous king of the Persians (7.61, 150).

      SEE ALSO: Artaeans; Myth; Persia

      FURTHER READING

      1 Jameson, Michael H. 1990. “Perseus, Hero of Mykenai.” In Celebrations of Death and Divinity in the Bronze Age Argolid, edited by Robin Hägg and G. C. Nordquist, 213–23. Stockholm: P. Åström.

      2 Ogden, Daniel. 2008. Perseus. London and New York: Routledge.

ANDROPHAGI (’Ανδροϕάγοι, οἱ)

      ANDREW NICHOLS

       University of Florida

A tribe of cannibals (their name means “Man‐eaters”) who lived beyond the SCYTHIANS north of the EUXINE (Black) Sea, at the edge of the known world (4.18, 100). Although they dressed like Scythians, the Androphagi were not Scythian (4.18; pace Ephorus BNJ 70 F158), but a lawless and nomadic people who spoke a language unique to themselves (4.106). Pliny the Elder, citing Isogonus of Nicaea rather than Herodotus, calls them “Anthropophagi” (cf. Amm. Marc. 31.2.15) and says they drank from human skulls and wore scalps over their chest like napkins (HN 7.12). Along with several of their neighbors, the Androphagi refused to assist the Scythians against DARIUS I during the Persian invasion of the region and threatened to stand their ground should either of the two enter their territory (Hdt. 4.119). However, when the Scythians reached their lands with the Persians in pursuit, the Androphagi fled into the desolate lands to the north (4.125). Herodotus’ Androphagi are unrelated to the African tribe of the same name mentioned by Philostratus (VA 6.25) and Pliny (HN 6.195, again “Anthropophagi”).

      SEE ALSO: Anthropophagy; Ethnography; Extremes; Language and Communication; Nomads

      FURTHER READING

      1 Corcella in ALC, 656.

ANDROS ( Ἄνδρος, ἡ)

      MARGARET C. MILLER

       University of Sydney

      The second largest Cycladic ISLAND, Andros lies south of EUBOEA (BA 57 C4 and 60 A4). Her significant prehistoric remains find no trace in Herodotus, for whom “Andros” was probably the settlement at Palaeopolis on the mid‐west coast. Vestigial remains include HARBOR installations and the late classical fortification WALLS linking the harbor to its steep ACROPOLIS.

      Of Andros in the ARCHAIC AGE little is known. Two tenth‐century BCE settlements founded on headlands, Zagora and Hypsele, were abandoned c. 700 and c. 480, respectively. Despite Herodotus’ account of the Andrians’ claim of poverty (8.111), local wealth is attested by some archaic‐period SCULPTURES and monumental architectural remains as well as the report of an Olympic pentathlete victor (9.33; Paus. 6.14.13). Archaic Andros minted SILVER coins on the Aeginetan standard.

      Andros was under the control of NAXOS in 500 (Hdt. 5.31.2) and contributed ships to XERXES’ invasion in 480 (8.66), probably as one of the island conquests of DATIS (6.99; Aesch. Pers. 887). THEMISTOCLES’ lack of success besieging Andros after the Greek victory at SALAMIS (8.121) suggests that the town was fortified, like its predecessors at Zagora and Hypsele. Perhaps an original DELIAN LEAGUE member, Andros’ phoros of twelve TALENTS in 451/0 (IG I³ 262.19) was halved to six in 450/49 (IG I³ 263.IV.22), providing the time‐frame for an Athenian CLERUCHY on the island (Plut. Per. 11.5).

      SEE ALSO: Athenian Empire; Cyclades; Monumentality; Siege Warfare; Tribute; Wealth and Poverty

      FURTHER READING

      1 Descœudres, Jean‐Paul, and Stavros A. Paspalas, eds. 2012. Zagora in Context: Settlements and Intercommunal Links in the Geometric Period (900–700 BC). Mediterranean Archaeology Vol. 25. Sydney: Australian Archaeological Institute at Athens.

      2 Palaiokrassa‐Kopitsa, Lydia. 2007. Παλαιόπολη Ανδρου. Είκοσι Χρόνια Ανασκαϕικής Ερευνας [Palaeopoli on Andros. Twenty Years of Archaeological Discovery]. N.p.

      3 Televantou, Christina. 2009. “Άνδρος. Ιερά της Γεωμετρικής και Αρχαϊκής Εποχης.” In Ε⊖ΑΝΔΡΟ∑. Τόμος εις μνήμην Δημητρίου Ι. Πολέμη, edited by Dimitris I. Kyrtatas, Lydia Palaiokrassa‐Kopitsa, and Michael A. Tiverios, 51–111. Andros: Kaïreios Vivliothēkē.

ANERISTUS (Ἀνήριστος, ὁ) father of Sperthias

      CHRISTOPHER BARON

       University of Notre Dame

      Patronymic, father of Sperthias and a Spartan of noble birth. Sperthias was sent as a herald to the Persian king XERXES (c. 482 BCE) in an attempt to atone for the Spartans’ MURDER of HERALDS sent by DARIUS I (7.134.2). Nothing more is known of this Aneristus (LGPN III.A, 40 (no. 1)), though Herodotus’ description of the sons as “having attained the first ranks of wealth” at SPARTA sheds interesting light on the legend (ancient and modern) of Spartan austerity and equality.

      SEE ALSO: Aneristus son of Sperthias; Sperthias and Bulis; Wealth and Poverty

      FURTHER READING

      1 van Wees, Hans. 2018. “Luxury, Austerity and Equality in Sparta.” In A Companion to Sparta, edited by Anton Powell. Vol. 1, 202–35. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell.

ANERISTUS (Ἀνήριστος, ὁ) son of Sperthias

      CHRISTOPHER BARON

       University of Notre Dame

      Around 482 BCE, two Spartans, SPERTHIAS AND BULIS, were sent to die in PERSIA in order to atone for the killing of Persian HERALDS sent a decade earlier by DARIUS I (7.134–36). Although Sperthias and Bulis were spared by XERXES, years later during the PELOPONNESIAN WAR, their sons—Aneristus and Nicolaus, respectively—traveled as MESSENGERS of SPARTA

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