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The king‐list given by the Roman‐era author Pausanias differs here (3.7–10; see Carlier 1984, 316–17), but there seems no reason to emend Herodotus’ text in order to place Anaxilaus in the junior branch (Bowie 2007, 219–20).

      SEE ALSO: Archidamus son of Anaxandrides; Euryp(h)on; Leotychides son of Anaxilaus

      REFERENCES

      1 Bowie, A. M., ed. 2007. Herodotus: Histories Book VIII. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

      2 Carlier, Pierre. 1984. La royauté en Grèce avant Alexandre. Strasbourg: AECR.

ANAXILAUS (Ἀναξίλεως, ὁ) son of Cretines

      CHRISTOPHER BARON

       University of Notre Dame

      TYRANT of RHEGIUM in southern ITALY from 494 to 476 BCE (Diod. Sic. 11.48.2). Anaxilaus (or Anaxilas) appears in two contexts in the Histories. First, in his narrative winding down the unsuccessful IONIAN REVOLT, Herodotus tells how the Samians who fled Persian rule captured the Sicilian city of ZANCLE for themselves (494 BCE): they had originally aimed for CALEACTE (“Fair Point”) on the northern coast of SICILY at the invitation of the Zancleans, but Anaxilaus persuaded them instead to occupy Zancle—directly across the straits from Rhegium—whose inhabitants were away besieging a Sicel city (6.23). Anaxilaus renamed Zancle Messana (or Messene), after his ancestral homeland (MESSENIA in the PELOPONNESE), according to THUCYDIDES (6.4.6; cf. Paus. 4.23.6).

      In his second appearance (Hdt. 7.165), Anaxilaus, who had married CYDIPPE the daughter of TERILLUS, tyrant of HIMERA, assists his father‐in‐law’s attempt to regain his tyranny. Terillus appeals to the Carthaginian general HAMILCAR, to whom he was tied by GUEST‐FRIENDSHIP. Anaxilaus offers Hamilcar even more: his own CHILDREN as HOSTAGES. Hamilcar’s massive invasion of Sicily ends in DISASTER, however, at the Battle of Himera in 480.

      SEE ALSO: Carthage; Cretines (1); Micythus; Sicels

      FURTHER READING

      1 Luraghi, Nino. 1994. Tirannidi arcaiche in Sicilia e Magna Grecia da Panezio di Leontini alla caduta dei Deinomenidi, 187–229. Florence: Leo S. Olschki.

      2 Scott, Lionel. 2005. Historical Commentary on Herodotus Book 6, 132–33. Leiden: Brill.

      3 Vallet, Georges. 1958. Rhégion et Zancle. Histoire, commerce et civilisation des cités chalcidiennes du détroit de Messine, 335–68. Paris: de Boccard.

ANCHIMOLUS (Ἀγχίμολος, ὁ)

      CHRISTOPHER BARON

       University of Notre Dame

Prominent Spartan, son of ASTER. When the Delphic ORACLE (bribed by Athenian EXILES, according to some) urged the Spartans to drive the Peisistratid tyrant HIPPIAS from ATHENS, they chose Anchimolus to lead the invasion—seaborne, unusually for the Spartans (c. 511 BCE). The Spartans landed at PHALERUM in Attica but were routed in battle by Thessalian CAVALRY (Athenian ALLIES). Among the many Spartan dead were Anchimolus, whose tomb Herodotus notes as being “next to the sanctuary of HERACLES in CYNOSARGES” at ALOPECE (5.63; on the burial, see Pritchett 1985, 163–64).

      There is no evidence that Anchimolus was king, and Herodotus does not call him such. Sparta responded to the failure by having King CLEOMENES lead a land‐based invasion in 510, which succeeded in driving out the PEISISTRATIDAE.

      The MANUSCRIPTS of Herodotus read “Anchimolius” (Ἀγχιμόλιος), but references to the same event by later authors ([Arist.] Ath. pol. 19.3; schol. Ar. Lys. 1153) give “Anchimolus,” which recent editors prefer (Wilson 2015, 102).

      SEE ALSO: Burial Customs; Cineas; Sparta; Thessaly; Tyrants

      REFERENCES

      1 Pritchett, W. Kendrick. 1985. The Greek State at War, Part IV. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

      2 Wilson, N. G. 2015. Herodotea. Studies on the Text of Herodotus. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

      FURTHER READING

      1 Hornblower, Simon, ed. 2013. Herodotus: Histories Book V, 186–89. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

      2 Worley, Leslie J. 1994. Hippeis: The Cavalry of Ancient Greece, 51–53. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

ANDREAS (Ἀνδρέης, ὁ)

      CHRISTOPHER BARON

       University of Notre Dame

      Patronymic, father of MYRON. Herodotus mentions Andreas (6.126.1) as part of his “pedigree” for Cleisthenes, TYRANT of SICYON, at the beginning of his story regarding the suitors of Cleisthenes’ daughter AGARISTE (I). Later sources (e.g., BNJ 105 F2) also report Andreas as the father of the first tyrant of Sicyon, Orthagoras (who does not appear in the Histories).

      SEE ALSO: Cleisthenes of Sicyon; Genealogies

      FURTHER READING

      1 Gambetti, Sandra. 2011. “Anonymous (105).” In Brill’s New Jacoby, edited by Ian Worthington. Brill Online.

ANDROBULUS (Ἀνδρόβουλος, ὁ)

      CHRISTOPHER BARON

       University of Notre Dame

      Patronymic, father of TIMON (7.141.1). Timon was a prominent citizen of DELPHI and perhaps a representative (PROXENOS) of ATHENS there who advised the Athenians about approaching the ORACLE in 480 BCE. Androbulus’ name (“Counselor of manly things”) is remarkably suited to Timon’s actions, one of numerous so‐called “speaking names” in the Histories (see Lateiner 2005, 43–45).

      REFERENCE

      1 Lateiner, Donald. 2005. “Signifying Names and Other Ominous Accidental Utterances in Classical Historiography.” GRBS 45.1: 35–57.

ANDROCRATES (Ἀνδροκράτης, ὁ)

      CHRISTOPHER BARON

       University of Notre Dame

      The sacred precinct (temenos) of the hero Androcrates was near the spring of GARGAPHIA in the territory of PLATAEA; its precise location is unknown (Wallace 1982, 186–87; Pritchett 1965, 112–15). The Greek forces made their second encampment near here (or possibly Herodotus means between these landmarks and the Asopus River: Lazenby 1993, 223–27 with map) in the lead‐up to the Battle of Plataea in 479 BCE (9.25.3). THUCYDIDES mentions the heroön of Androcrates in his account of the siege of Plataea during the PELOPONNESIAN WAR (3.24.1–2), and PLUTARCH says the Greeks offered SACRIFICE to Androcrates before their battle with the Persians (Arist. 11).

SEE ALSO: Asopus River (Boeotia); Heroes and Hero Cult; Temples and Sanctuaries

      REFERENCES

      1 Lazenby, J. F. 1993. The Defence of Greece, 490–479 B.C. Warminster: Aris & Phillips.

      2 Pritchett, W. Kendrick. 1965. Studies in Ancient Greek Topography, Part I. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

      3 Wallace, Paul W. 1982. “The Final Battle at Plataia.” In Studies in Attic Epigraphy, History and Topography Presented to Eugene Vanderpool, 183–92. Princeton: American School

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