The Makers and Teachers of Judaism - Charles Foster Kent

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it at many points in order to utilize that which is most valuable. This has been done by leaving out those passages which are of secondary origin or value, and by preserving at the same time the language and logical thought of the original writers. In the verbose and voluminous writings of Josephus the resulting text is in most cases far clearer and more useful; for the repetitious clauses found in the original often obscure the real thought of the writer. No apology or explanation is required for the use of such apocryphal writings as I Maccabees, Ben Sira, the Wisdom of Solomon, or Josephus's histories, for these are required to bridge the two centuries which intervene between the latest writings of the Old Testament and the earliest writings of the New. They make it possible to study biblical history as an unbroken unit from the days of Moses to the close of the first Christian century, and thus concretely to emphasize the significant but often the forgotten fact that God was revealing himself unceasingly through the life of his people, and that the Bible which records that revelation consists not of two disconnected parts but is one book.

      To two of my former students, the Reverend Harold B. Hunting and Ralph H. Pierce, I am under obligation for valuable aid and suggestions in preparing this volume for press.

      C.F.K. YALE UNIVERSITY, October, 1911.

      THE EXILE AND REVIVAL OF THE JUDEAN COMMUNITY

      Section XCI. THE JEWS IN PALESTINE AND EGYPT

      Lam. 2:1–10, 5:1–18, Jer. 43:3–12, 44:1–14, 28.

      I. The Significance of the Destruction of the Hebrew State.—II. The Book

       of Lamentations.—III. Authorship and Date of the Book.—IV. Its Real

       Character.—Numbers and Fortunes of the Jews Who Remained in Palestine.—

       VI. Fortunes of the Jews in Egypt.—VII. The Jewish Colony at Elephantine.

      —VIII. The Temple of Jahu at Elephantine.

      Section XCII. EZEKIEL'S MESSAGE TO HIS SCATTERED COUNTRYMEN.

      Ezek. 37, 40:1, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21b, 44–47, 41:1–8a, 43:1–9, 44:9–16, 23, 24, 45:1–8.

      I. The Home of the Exiles in Babylon.—II. Their New Conditions and

       Occupations.—III. Their Religious Life. IV. The Prophecies of Ezekiel.—

      V. The Resurrection of the Dead Nation.—VI. The Divine Shepherd.—

       VII. Ezekiel's Plan of the Restored Temple.

      Section XCIII. THE CLOSING YEARS OF THE BABYLONIAN RULE

      II Kings 25:27–30, Isa. 9:1–7, 11:1–10, 13:2–4, 11, 17, 18b, 19–22, Ezra 6:3–5, 5:14, 15, 1:5–6, I Esdr. 5:4–6, Ezra 3:2–4, 6b.

      I. The Transformation of the Jews into a Literary People.—II. The

       Literary Activity of the Babylonian Period.—III. The Holiness Code.—

       IV. The Liberation of Jehoiachin and the Hopes of the Jews.—V. The Rule

       of Nabonidus.—VII. Rise and Conquests of Cyrus.—VII. His Capture of

       Babylon.—VIII. His Treatment of Conquered Peoples.

      Section XCIV. THE REBUILDING OF THE TEMPLE

      Hag. 1, 2, Ezra 5:3–6:14.

      I. The Books of Ezra and Nehemiah.—II. The Chronicler's Conception of the

       Restoration.—III. Convulsions in the Persian Empire.—IV. Haggai's

       Effective Addresses.—V. The Attempt to Stop the Rebuilding of the

       Temple.—VI. The Significance of the Restoration of the Temple.

      Section XCV. ZECHARIAH'S VISIONS AND ENCOURAGING ADDRESSES

      Zech. 1:7–4:6a, 11–14, 8b-10, 6:9–15, 7, 8:1–8.

      I. Zechariah's Ancestry and Point of View.—II. The Book of Zechariah.

      —III. Problems and Hopes of the Judean Community.—IV. Zechariah's

       Assurances of Jehovah's Care.—V. Preparations for the Crowning of

       Zerubbabel.—VI. Disappointment of these Patriotic Hopes.—VII.

       Zechariah's Later Exhortations and Predictions.

      Section XCVI. ISRAEL'S TRAINING AND DESTINY

      Isa. 40:1–4, 6, 31, 41:1–4, 8–10, 42:1–7, 10–15, 22–28, 44:1–5.

      I. The Seventy Years Following the Rebuilding of the Temple.—

       II. Spiritual Forces in Judaism.—III. Evidences that Isaiah 40–66 Were

       Written in Palestine.—IV. Their Probable Date.—V. Their Literary

       Characteristics.—VI. Their Theme and Purpose.—VII. Reasons Why Jehovah

       Will Restore His People.

      Section XCVII. CONDITIONS AND PROBLEMS WITHIN THE JUDEAN COMMUNITY

      Mal. 1:6–14, 2, 3, 4:1–3, Ps. 22:1–18.

      I. Date of the Book of Malachi.—II. Neglect of the Temple Service.—

      III. The Need of a Great Moral Awakening.—IV. The Lot of the Faithful.—

       V. The Problem of Suffering in the Literature of the Period.

      Section XCVIII. THE PROBLEM AND TEACHINGS OF THE BOOK OF JOB

      Job 1, 2 3:2, 11, 13–15, 17, 19, 20–22, 25, 26, 4:1–7, 17–19, 5:17–22, 26, 27, 6:1–4b, 14, 15, 20–30, 7:1–6, 9–18, 20, 21, 8:1–6, 9:1–7, 16–20, 24, 31–35, 10:9–15, 20–22, 11:1, 7–9, 13–15, 12:1–3, 13:7–18, 21–25, 14:7–10, 13–15, 18, 19, 15:4–6, 16:1–4, 11–13a, 18–21, 18:1, 5–7, 19:1, 13–15, 23–27, 20:1–5, 21:1, 7–9, 22:1–5, 23, 27, 28, 23:1–6, 25:1–4, 26:1, 27:2, 4, 5, 7–9, 29:1–5, 30:15–21, 31:5–8, 35–37, 40:2, 8, 9, 38:2–7, 8–11, 39–41, 42:2, 3, 5, 8.

      I. The Structure of the Book of Job.—II. Dates of the Different Parts.—

       III. The Prose Story.—IV. The Poem of Job.—V. Progress in Job's

       Thought.—VI. Significance of the Speeches of Job.

      Section XCIX. THE TRAINING AND MISSION OF THE TRUE SERVANT OF JEHOVAH

      Isa. 49:1–15, 50:4–10, 52:13–15, 53.

      I. The Different Portraits of Jehovah's Servant.—II. The Prophet's

       Purpose.—III. The Character and Condition of Those to Whom the Prophet

       Appealed.—IV. The Task and Training of Jehovah's Servant.—V. Methods of

       Jehovah's Servant.—VI. Realization of the Ideal of Service.

      Section C. NEHEMIAH'S WORK IN REBUILDING THE WALLS OF JERUSALEM

      Neh. 1–4, 6, 7:1–5a, 12:31, 32, 37–40.

      I. Nehemiah's Memoirs.—II. Nehemiah's Response to the Call to Service.—

       III. Obstacles that Confronted Him.—IV. His Plan of Work.—V. The

       Restored Walls.—VI. Completion and Dedication of the Walls.

      Section CI. NEHEMIAH'S SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS REFORMS

      Isa. 56, 58:2–12, Neh. 5, 13:4–31.

      I. Cruelty and Hypocrisy of the Jewish Leaders.—II. Nehemiah's Method of

      

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