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(2019): 589–608.48 Pablo Barberá, Andreu Casas, Jonathan Nagler, Patrick J. Egan, Richard Bonneau, John T. Jost, and Joshua A. Tucker, ‘Who leads? Who follows? Measuring issue attention and agenda setting by legislators and the mass public using social media data’, American Political Science Review, 113 (2019): 883–901.49 Ibid., p. 897.50 G. R. Boynton and Glenn W. Richardson, Jr, ‘Agenda setting in the twenty-first century’, New Media and Society, 18 (2016): 1916–34.51 Steven H. Chaffee and Miriam J. Metzger, ‘The end of mass communication?’, Mass Communication and Society, 4 (2001): 365–79; Bennett and Iyengar, ‘A new era of minimal effects?’; Bruce A. Williams and Michael X. Delli Carpini, ‘Monica and Bill all the time and everywhere: The collapse of gatekeeping and agenda setting in the new media environment’, American Behavioral Scientist, 47 (2004): 1208–30.52 Few argue that people’s attention span has diminished as a consequence of a high-choice media environment. See, e.g. Philipp Lorenz-Spreen, Bjarke Mørch Mønsted, Philipp Hövel, and Sune Lehmann, ‘Accelerating dynamics of collective attention’, Nature Communications, 10, 1759 (2019). Active attention to media content, however, is not the only path through which people learn the media agenda, as there is evidence that the process can also operate incidentally, through cues. See Maxwell McCombs and Natalie J. Stroud, ‘Psychology of agenda-setting effects: Mapping the paths of information processing’, Review of Communication Research, 2 (2014): 68–93; Elizabeth Stoycheff, Raymond J. Pingree, Jason T. Peifer, and Mingxiao Sui, ‘Agenda cueing effects of news and social media’, Media Psychology, 21, 2 (2018): 182–201.53 Yue Tan and David Weaver, ‘Agenda diversity and agenda setting from 1956 to 2004: what are the trends over time?’, Journalism Studies, 14, (2013): 773–89.54 Monika Djerf-Pierre and Adam Shehata, ‘Still an agenda setter: traditional news media and public opinion during the transition from low to high choice media environments’, Journal of Communication, 67 (2017): 733–57.55 Daniela Grassau, ‘Has TV decreased impact on public opinion due to the transformations of the media environment in the 21st century?’, paper presented to the International Association for Media and Communication Research, Madrid, 2019.56 Renita Coleman and Maxwell McCombs, ‘The young and agenda-less? Age-related differences in agenda setting on the youngest generation, baby boomers, and the civic generation’, Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 84 (2007): 495–508.57 Jae Kook Lee and Renita Coleman, ‘Testing generational, life cycle, and period effects of age on agenda setting’, Mass Communication and Society, 17, 1 (2014): 3–25.58 Yunjuan Luo, Hansel Burley, Alexander Moe, and Mingxiao Sui, ‘A meta-analysis of news media’s public agenda-setting effects, 1972–2015.’59 Pablo Boczkowski, News at Work: Imitation in an Age of Information Abundance (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010).60 Maxwell McCombs, ‘Civic osmosis: the social impact of media’, Communication and Society, 25 (2012): 7–14.61 James Webster and Thomas Ksiazek, ‘The dynamics of audience fragmentation: public attention in an age of digital media’, Journal of Communication, 62 (2012): 39–56. Quote is on p. 39.62 Hyun, Ki Deuk, and Soo Jung Moon, ‘Agenda setting in the partisan TV news context: attribute agenda setting and polarized evaluation of presidential candidates among viewers of NBC, CNN, and Fox News’, Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 93 (2016): 509–29.63 Lazarsfeld, Berelson and Gaudet, The People’s Choice, p. 122.64 Maxwell McCombs, Esteban López-Escobar, and Juan Pablo Llamas, ‘Setting the agenda of attributes in the 1996 Spanish general election’, Journal of Communication, 50, 2 (2000): 77–92.65 Coleman and McCombs, ‘The young and agenda-less?.’ Quote on p. 503.66 Jesper Stromback and Spiro Kiousis, ‘A new look at agenda setting effects – Comparing the predictive power of overall political news consumption and specific news media consumption across different media channels and media types’, Journal of Communication, 60 (2010): 271–92. Quote is on p. 288 (emphasis in original).67 Steven Chaffee and Donna Wilson, ‘Media rich, media poor: two studies of diversity in agenda-holding’, Journalism Quarterly, 54 (1977): 466–76. Also see Peter Jochen and Claes H. de Vreese, ‘Agenda-rich, agenda-poor: a cross-national comparative investigation of nominal and thematic public agenda diversity’, International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 15 (2003): 44–64.68 See for example, Mark Boukes, ‘Agenda-setting with satire: how political satire increased TTIP’S saliency on the public, media, and political agenda’, Political Communication, 36 (2019): 426–51; Xiaoxia Cao, ‘Hearing it from Jon Stewart: the impact of The Daily Show on public attentiveness to politics’, International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 22 (2010): 26–46; J. Carroll Glynn, Michael Huge, James Reineke, Bruce Hardy and James Shanahan, ‘When Oprah intervenes: political correlates of daytime talk show viewing’, Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 51 (2007): 228–44.69 William Gamson, Talking Politics (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992).70 William G. Mayer, The Changing American Mind: How and Why American Public Opinion Changed between 1960 and 1988 (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1992).
