Monument Future - Siegfried Siegesmund

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properties. The waste glass powder improves the compressive strength of materials and decreases porosity. Mortars with crushed brick waste as aggregate absorb almost twice more water than mortars with sand, this additive can be used as a red dye and has a high resistance in durability tests.

      The Pinecone Resin shows an improvement in the durability of the mortars as well as a slight improvement in mechanical properties.

      Future works will seek to combine different additives in order to obtain better mortars.

      New methods to calculate the life cycle analysis are available with Open LCA methods, We plan to use design models and economic models in order to select the composition of new mortars we want to develop.

       Acknowledgements

      We thank the programs “Make Our Planet Great Again” and “Initiative d’excellence Paris Seine” for 64providing economic support for the development of this research; and the companies Socly, Rocamat, Briqueterie d’Allone and Fédération du Verre for providing the materials for this work.

       References

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      Apostolopoulou M., Armaghanib D., Bakolas A., Douvika M, Moropouloua A. Asteris P. (2019) “Compressive strength of natural hydraulic lime mortars using soft computing techniques” Procedia Structural Integrity 17: 914–923.

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      Nežerka V.,Antoš J., Litoša J.,Tesárek P., Zeman J.(2015) “An Integrated Experimental-Numerical Study of the Performance of Lime-Based Mortars in Masonry Piers Under Eccentric Loading” condmat.mtrl-sci 8 Dec 2015.

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      Palomar I., Barluenga G., Puentes J. (2015) “Assessment by non destruvtive testing of coating mortars for retrofitting the architectural heritage” Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture XIV.

      Kozlowski R., Hughes D., Weber J.(2010) “Roman cements-Key materials of the built heritage of the nineteenth century” Materials, Technologies and Practice in Historic Heritage Structures Springer.

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      Rota Rossi Doria P. (1986) “Mortars for restoration: basic requirements and quality control”. Materials and Structures, 19(6), 445–448.

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      Szemerey-kiss B. and Török A. (2011) “Time-dependent changes in the strength of repair mortar used in the loss compensation of stone” Environ Earth Sci (2011) 63:1613–1621.

      Theodoridou M., Kyriakou L. and Ioannou I. (2014) “Salt Crystalization resistance of nano-modified repair lime mortars” 3rd international conference on salt weathering of buildings and stone 14–16 oct 2014.

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       COMPARISON OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES BETWEEN ANCIENT AND RESTORATION RENDERS IN THE VEXIN FRANÇAIS AREA (NW OF PARIS)

      IN: SIEGESMUND, S. & MIDDENDORF, B. (EDS.): MONUMENT FUTURE: DECAY AND CONSERVATION OF STONE.

       – PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON THE DETERIORATION AND CONSERVATION OF STONE –

       VOLUME I AND VOLUME II. MITTELDEUTSCHER VERLAG 2020.

      Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 95000 Neuville-sur-Oise, France

       Abstract

      In the Paris area there are important gypsum resources which results in an extended use of gypsum in traditional architecture as façade renders. Traditional renders are still visible today in urban areas and in the surrounding countryside. This study concerns renders of the vernacular architecture of the Vexin Français, few tens of kilometres North-West of Paris and is based on the work carried out by Tiffanie Le Dantec in her PhD thesis. We focus our research on the analysis of ancient and new renders in order to propose suitable conservation or restoration solutions. This preliminary study compares several physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of ancient render samples and modern renders formulations used for façade restoration, in order to find possible relationships between the characteristics of studied formulations and their physical properties. The final goal is to estimate physical properties of ancient renders from their mineralogical composition.

      Keywords: Traditional gypsum renders, renders conservation, renders restoration, mechanical properties, chemical analysis, hydric properties

       Introduction

      In the Vexin Français area, 40 to 70 km NW from Paris, two principal construction techniques are found: important buildings (churches, chateaux or big houses) are built in ashlar masonry, whereas smaller ones (farms, houses and other vernacular buildings) are made on random rubble masonry covered by renders. Nowadays many new owners of traditional buildings want to remove renders in order to show the stone masonry. This new tendency has two major disadvantages: it alters region landscape and it exposes masonry to weathering and decay induced by environmental conditions.

      The long-term goal of the study is to provide proofs that traditional renders are much more adequate and durable when repairing stone façades than new cement base renders. Most of the façades in the Vexin area are made of rubble stones with a lime mortar and covered by a plaster of Paris, lime or plaster of Paris-lime render. The use of this kind of render has aesthetic purposes, helps to evacuate the humidity and has a protection role.

      Our study focused on comparisons between ancient renders sampled in façades of the Vexin area and new formulations of renders supplied by Plâtrière Vieujot. This society has been producing plaster of Paris renders since 1880. One of its renders, “plâtre

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