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      ‘Everyone thinks they are right all the time about everything,’ innovation strategist Faris Yakob told me. ‘We can’t see anyone else’s point of view with clarity. We assume they are idiots and racists. It’s got to the point where I can’t emotionally understand a position that is different from mine. I tend to like reading books about history and politics, but I’m forcing myself to read more fiction. Reading fiction helps you develop empathy and understand better where people you disagree with are coming from.’

      We also bristle at any opinion that differs from our own. Ian Martin, writer on political comedy The Thick of It, called Twitter a ‘shrieking tunnel of fuck’. In the midst of this polarized battleground it is harder than ever to find common ground, to flex our positions and move forward. Without respect for another’s perspectives or empathy for their experiences, we can’t make connections, bisociate and progress our thinking. Remember, the dictionary definition tells us creativity is: ‘the use of imagination or original ideas to create something’. Ouch. Cultural zombies can’t be creative, can they? Shrieking trolls won’t open their imagination, will they? How can we escape our ‘tunnel of fuck’ and find the fuel for empathy and inventiveness?

       STEREOTYPING + CREATIVITY

      Evidence suggests that lack of empathy for others is indeed a block to creativity. A 2012 study by Tel Aviv University found that people who ‘believe that racial groups have fixed underlying essences’ did not do as well in creative tests as those who saw racial categories as ‘arbitrary and malleable’. So those who pigeonhole racial groups have ‘a habitual closed-mindedness that . . . hampers creativity’, the study authors wrote.⁵

       BECOMING T-SHAPED

      The creative industries are always on the hunt for what they call ‘T-shaped’ people. The vertical bit of the T – the I – is depth of experience in a specific subject. The horizontal bit of the T is a broader range of experience across subjects, which encompasses the capacity to peek over the top of parapets, to collaborate, to find links between different disciplines. Essentially, the horizontal bit of the T is the knack of Koestler’s bisociation. So this magical T-shaped human combines the vertical skill of rigour and the horizontal skill of empathy.

      But it’s really hard to be T-shaped these days. The vertical is being fuelled, meaning we are being made more I-shaped by the algorithms that feed us more and more of what we already know. But the horizontal – empathy – needs our active attention. Cross-pollination requires us to break out of our echo chambers, broaden our horizons and open our hearts and minds to the new.

      ‘Notice things, be curious, talk to people, figure out new ways of doing things.’

      Travel is one way to do this. Remember both Darwin and Wallace were committed explorers. Faris Yakob and his wife Rosie are nomadic creatives who travel around the world working for their consultancy Genius Steals. Travel is very important to them. Faris told me: ‘Habituation makes you blind. It turns your brain off.’ Rosie says travel turns it back on again. ‘There’s a discomfort to being in new places,’ she explains. ‘It means you need to notice and be curious. The more you travel and the stranger the situations you are in, the more likely you are to expand your surface area and serendipitous things might happen.’

      It’s not enough to simply go on holiday. Two weeks on a sun lounger in Majorca won’t cut the creative mustard. You have to do what Rosie talked about: notice things, be curious, talk to people, figure out new ways of doing things.

      Not all of us can afford the luxury of travelling in order to boost creativity, of course. But many of us can at the very least get out of the workplace and go for a walk. Research from Creative Equals, an organization that champions diversity in the creative industries, shows that just 9 per cent of people have their best ideas in the office. Fans of the walking meeting include Arianna Huffington, Mark Zuckerberg and Barack Obama.

      The first reason to go for a walk is that we need to move more. We’re living in sedentary times, sitting on average, for 9.3 hours per day, longer than we are sleeping.⁶ The second reason is to boost our creativity. Researchers at Stanford University asked people to think up new uses for common objects while sitting at a desk or walking. Over three-quarters came up with more ideas while walking than sitting.⁷

      At Starling, Adam and I walk to client meetings rather than taking the Tube. It means we leave in good time and don’t rush. We use the journey to discuss the meeting ahead, or just chat. Some of our best ideas and conversations happen on walks – a time which otherwise would be a deadzone of getting from A to B.

      Walking is second nature. It doesn’t require concentration. It allows the mind to wander. The state of the wandering mind has been shown to be fertile for creative ideas and flashes of insight. When we don’t try hard to have an idea – sod’s law – it comes to us.

       HOW TO BE T-SHAPED

       1. Travel. And if you can’t travel, be open to new influences wherever they might be – notice things, be curious, ask why. Take a new route to work or school. This will force you to see things slightly differently and confront you with new inputs.

       2. Go for a walk on your own, and let ideas sneak up on you. Or with someone else and talk them through.

       3. Take a photo each day. This will nudge you to observe, to look harder at everyday things you may otherwise ignore and find new perspectives.

       4. Break your echo chamber. I have scrutinized who I follow on Twitter and my aim now is to follow diverse, challenging voices and avoid the loud, obvious ones.

       5. Be empathetic. Try to think flexibly and

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