ТОП просматриваемых книг сайта:
Oriental Rugs. Peter F. Stone
Читать онлайн.Название Oriental Rugs
Год выпуска 0
isbn 9781462911844
Автор произведения Peter F. Stone
Издательство Ingram
Bird asmalyk (Tekke) J. Barry O’Connell
bird head border. A border design in Kurdish and Persian tribal rugs with many variations. This same border is occasionally used as a field repeat.
Bird head border
Bird Ushak. A group of sixteenth and seventeenth-century rugs woven in Ushak, Anatolia. Their common design feature is a repeated arrangement of four leaves or “birds” radiating from a blossom on a white field. The earliest known representation is in a rug in a painting by Hans Mielich done in 1557. These rugs usually have lines of reversing wefts or “lazy lines” on the back.
Bird Ushak motif
Birjand. A city of the Qainat region of eastern Iran. Rugs were woven on a factory basis in Birjand from the beginning of the twentieth century. Most of the rugs produced before World War II were Jufti knotted with poor wearing quality. The Jufti asymmetric knot is used at a density of about 100 knots per square inch on a wool foundation. Older pieces have higher knot densities. Later rugs have a cotton foundation. See “Qainat.”
Birjand rug
birth symbol. A diamond with two in-curving arms at each end. This ancient motif is found in many weavings of Asia and the Near East. It is a common motif in Anatolian kilims.
Birth symbol
bis. See “Bhadohi.”
black. In Near Eastern weavings, this color may be produced by synthetic dyes, by vegetable dyes, or by the use of naturally black wool. As vegetable dyes, oak bark, oak galls, acorn cups, or walnut hulls were used with an iron mordant to produce black or brown. Wool so dyed is subject to etching. Naturally dark wool or dyed wool might be over-dyed with indigo to produce black. See “etching.”
black Baluchi. Refers to Baluchi rugs with a very dark palette. The designs of such rugs are not easily visible except in very bright light.
black light. See “ultra-violet light.”
black Marasalis. Marasali prayer rugs with a black or very dark field. See “Marasali.”
blanket dress. Traditional Navajo dress for women made of two identical blankets sewn at the shoulders and sides. See “Navajo rugs.”
blanket stitch, buttonhole stitch. A stitch using a single strand that loops through itself. This stitch may be used, very closely spaced, to strengthen edges or selvages or it may be used, more widely spaced, at the end of a weaving to prevent wefts from unraveling.
Blanket stitch
blankets, covers, sleeping rugs.
See the following entries:
bar
churga
colcha embroidery
farda
frach
frazada
hamel
huli
k’ang cover
karolya
khaden
kopan
moj
Navajo rugs
neyden
pardaghy
postaghi
pound blankets
blazon. An armorial bearing or heraldic device.
bleaching. Dyes in rugs may fade due to exposure to sunlight. Rugs may be deliberately bleached through a chemical wash. Chemical bleaching was used to produce the so-called “golden Afghans” and “golden Shirvans.” Red Afghan rugs were bleached to a shade of yellow to satisfy market demand before yellow-dyed yarns were actually used in these rugs. Some Sarouks were bleached and then painted to satisfy color tastes of the American market. Bleaching is accomplished through a variety of chemical agents. These include oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide, acids such as sulfuric acid, alkalis such as ammonia and lye, and chlorine and its compounds. See “burning,” “chemical wash,” “strip”, “tip fading,” “ultraviolet light,” and “patina.”
bleeding, running. Dyes that are improperly fixed or dyed yarn that has been inadequately washed after dyeing may bleed or run into other colors in a finished rug. Some red dyes are particularly susceptible to running. There are chemical washes that effectively remove some red dyes from areas into which they have run.
blocking. See “tentering.”
bloom. To add ingredients to the dye bath which increase the brightness of colors.
Blossom carpet. See “floral carpet.”
blue. A primary color. In Near Eastern weavings, this color may be produced by synthetic or vegetable dyes. By far the most common blue dye is indigo. See “indigo.”
bobbin. A cylinder, spindle, or spool on which yarn, thread, or roving may be wound during the spinning or weaving process.
Bode, Wilhelm von. 1845-1929. German scholar, founder of the Museum for Islamic Art, Berlin, rug collector, and author of the first comprehensive treatise on the classic period of oriental rugs, Vorderasiatische Knüpfteppiche aus alterer Zeit, published in 1902.
body Brussels carpet. A loop pile rug in which different color warps are brought to the surface to form the pattern. Because colored warps are continuous beneath the pile, they provide “body” or thickness and weight to the rug.
bogu. A Chinese rug motif consisting of representations of bronze, jade, or porcelain vessels and other antique objects.
bohça. See “bokche.”
bokche, bohça, boqcheh (Turk.). A Turkmen envelope-like bag consisting of a square flatweave with pile woven triangles at each side of the rectangle. The triangular pieces are folded inwards to form a container. In general, any square piece of cloth used as a carrying bag for many different items.
Turkmen bokche Dr. Herbert J. Exner
Ottoman embroidered bohça Sothebys
Bokhara, Bukhara. An ancient city and emirate of West Turkestan, presently in Uzbekistan. The name is popularly used to describe any rug, Turkmen or otherwise, with designs consisting of or derived from Turkmen guls. Bokhara was an important rug trading and shipping center in the nineteenth century. A few scholars have attributed rugs to Bokhara, but such attributions are questioned.
Boldaji. A small town south of the Chahâr Mahâl region in western Iran. It is a source of Bakhtiari panel design rugs.
Bolvardi. See “Bulvardi.”
Bombyx mori. The domesticated silkworm moth. See “silk.”
Borchalu. A tribe of the Hamadan region of Iran. Contemporary rugs of this tribe have curvilinear, floral medallions. They are single-wefted and woven with the symmetric knot at a density of about 65 per square inch. The foundation is cotton and wefts may be blue. See “Borjalou” and “Hamadan.”
border. A design around the edge of a rug and enclosing the field. The border usually includes a wide band of repeating