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Oriental Rugs. Peter F. Stone
Читать онлайн.Название Oriental Rugs
Год выпуска 0
isbn 9781462911844
Автор произведения Peter F. Stone
Издательство Ingram
Beshir namazlyk Sothebys
Bessarabian carpet (detail) Sothebys
Bessarabia. A region of southwest Russia bordering Romania on the south and the Black Sea on the east. “Bessarabian” is used loosely to describe Polish, Rumanian, and Bulgarian hand-knotted rugs. Bessarabia itself is the source of kilims similar to those of Moldavia. Inscriptions on Bessarabian kilims are in the Cyrillic alphabet. See “Moldavia.”
Bezalel. Rugs made at the Bezalel School of Arts and Crafts in Jerusalem between 1906 and 1931. These rugs, produced by Jewish weavers, showed traditional Jewish ritual motifs, scenes from the Old Testament and conventional Persian designs. They were in scribed in Hebrew “Bezalel Yerushalem” or “Marvadia Yerushalem.” These rugs were woven with the asymmetric knot. See “synagogue rug.”
Bezalel rug Sothebys
Bhadohi, Badahoi. A city of northern India near Mirzapur and Benares. It is one of the major modern rug production centers of India. Bhadohi rugs are generally copies of Persian models with floral motifs. These rugs are woven on a cotton foundation using the asymmetric knot at densities between 30 and 225 knots per square inch.
The Bhadohi method of counting knots is uniquely complicated. A knot count is represented thus: 5/40. The first figure (5) is termed bis. It produces the horizontal or weft-wise knot count. Bis times 11% added to the bis is the horizontal or weft-wise knot count. Thus (5x.11)+5=5.55 knots per inch weft-wise. Bhutan is the term for the second figure (40). It produces the vertical or warp-wise knot count. Bhutan times 33.3% added to the bhutan and divided by 6 is the vertical or warp-wise knot count. Thus: ((40x.333)+40)/6=8.88 knots per inch warp-wise. The knot density represented by 5/40 is 5.55x8.88 or 48.8 knots per square inch. See “India.”
Bhutan. A country located between Tibet to the north and India on the south. Bhutan is the source of rugs woven by Tibetan refugees who settled there after the Chinese occupation of Tibet in 1959.
bhutan. See “Bhadohi.”
bibibaff (Persian, “grandmother’s weave”). Particularly fine weaving of Chahâr Mahâl. See “Chahâr Mahâl.”
Bibikabad, Ainabad. A village of the Hamadan region of Iran, northeast of Hamadan city. Rugs of this village often have boteh or Herati designs. They are single-wefted and woven with the symmetric knot. See “Hamadan.”
Bibikabad rug Jason Nazmiyal
Bidgeneh. A village of northwest Iran and a source of rugs similar to those of Bijâr. These are medallion rugs with pendants and spandrels.
Bidjar. See “Bijâr.”
Bidjov. See “Bijov.”
Bid Majnun. See “weeping willow design.”
Bigelow, Erastus Brigham (1814-1879). The American inventor of power looms for Brussels, Wilton, tapestry, and velvet carpeting. He established weaving mills in Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York. His looms and mills greatly increased rug production in the 1840s.
Bijâr, Bidjar. A town of northwest Iran surrounded by many rug-weaving villages whose output is also labeled “Bijâr.” The area is inhabited by Kurds. Rugs of Bijâr and its immediate area are woven in a wide variety of patterns. Usually, in early rugs, three wefts are hammered down with heavy combs. One of these wefts is usually very heavy, so these rugs are very stiff due to great vertical knot packing. Later rugs have two wefts. Warps are completely offset and the knot is symmetric at densities of about 100 to 160 per square inch. Formerly, wool foundation was used. Contemporary rugs have a cotton foundation.
Bijâr was the source of a group of fine arabesque (Garrus design) rugs woven in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. Rugs with a stylized willow and cypress design were woven in Bijâr in the early twentieth century. Bijâr samplers are relatively common compared to samplers from other areas of Persia. Bijâr kilims are woven with the slit weave tapestry structure. Designs of large Bijâr kilims are sometimes similar to those of Bijâr pile weaves. Smaller kilims are similar in design to those of Senneh. See “Garrus design,” “Kurdish rugs,” and “split leaf arabesque.”
Bijâr rug (detail) Jason Nazmiyal
Bijov, Bidjov. A town located near Shemakha in the Caucasus. This is a design of nineteenth-century rugs of the Shirvân region which consists of a vertical arrangement of nested bracketing elements. Rugs of this design are the most coarsely woven (averaging 94 symmetric knots per square inch) of Shirvân rugs. Bijov design rugs are also the largest of Shirvân rugs. They are woven on an all-wool foundation. See “Shirvân.”
Bijov rug (detail) Grogan and Company
Bildrev (Norwegian). Early Norwegian tapestries, often portraying biblical scenes.
Bilverdi. A town of Persian Azerbaijan west of Heriz. Rugs of Bilverdi are woven in the Heriz design, with the symmetric knot and single wefts. See “Heriz.”
binding. An edge or selvage treatment for rugs in which edge warps are wrapped with yarn to protect and strengthen them after the rug is woven. Less desirably, machine stitching may be used for this purpose. See “overcasting” and “serging.”
Binding
Biographies. See entries under these names:
Ballard, James Franklin
Beattie, May H.
Benguiat, Vitall
Bigelow, Erastus B.
Bode, Wilhelm von
Dudin, Samul Martynovich
Edwards, A. Cecil
Ellis, Charles Grant
Erdmann, Kurt
Ettinghausen, Richard
Jenkins, Arthur D.
Jones, H. McCoy
Markarian, Richard B.
Martin, F.R.
McMullan, Joseph V.
Morris, William
Moshkova, V.G.
Myers, George Hewitt
Pinner, Robert H.
Pope, Arthur Upham
Schürmann, Ulrich
Tiffany, Louis Comfort
Tuduc, Theodore
Von Bode, Wilhelm
Voysey, Charles
Yerkes, Charles Tyson
bird asmalyks. Rare Tekke asmalyks with a repeated pattern of birds within a lattice of serrated leaves. The field is red and borders are white with a meandering vine motif. See “asmalyk.”
Bird asmalyk motif