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       CHAPTER L.

       CHAPTER LI.

       CHAPTER LII.

       CHAPTER LIII.

       SECOND PERIOD.—THE ERA OF THE POLITICAL REVOLUTION.. (FROM THE PEACE OF WESTPHALIA IN 1648 TO THE PRESENT TIME.)

       CHAPTER LIV.

       CHAPTER LV.

       CHAPTER LVI.

       CHAPTER LVII.

       CHAPTER LVIII.

       CHAPTER LIX.

       CHAPTER LX.

       CHAPTER LXI.

       CHAPTER LXII.

       CHAPTER LXIII.

       CONCLUSION: THE NEW AGE.

      PREFACE LIST OF MAPS GENERAL INTRODUCTION: THE RACES AND THEIR EARLY MIGRATIONS

      PART I.

      ANCIENT HISTORY.

      SECTION I.—THE EASTERN NATIONS.

      CHAPTER I. India and China. 1. India. 2. China. II. Egypt. 1. Political History. 2. Religion, Arts, and General Culture. III. Chaldæa. 1. Political History. 2. Arts and General Culture. IV. Assyria. 1. Political History. 2. Religion, Arts, and General Culture. V. Babylonia. VI. The Hebrews. VII. The Phoenicians. VIII. The Persian Empire. 1. Political History. 2. Government, Religion, and Arts.

      SECTION II.—GRECIAN HISTORY.

      IX. The Land and the People.

       X. The Legendary or Heroic Age.

       XI. Religion of the Greeks.

       XII. Age of the Tyrants and of Colonization: the Early Growth of

       Sparta and of Athens.

       1. Age of the Tyrants and of Colonization.

       2. The Growth of Sparta.

       3. The Growth of Athens.

       XIII. The Græco-Persian Wars.

       XIV. Period of Athenian Supremacy.

       XV. The Peloponnesian War: the Spartan and the Theban Supremacy.

       1. The Peloponnesian War.

       2. The Spartan and the Theban Supremacy.

       XVI. Period of Macedonian Supremacy: Empire of Alexander.

       XVII. States formed from the Empire of Alexander.

       XVIII. Greek Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting.

       1. Architecture.

       2. Sculpture and Painting.

       XIX. Greek Literature.

       1. Epic and Lyric Poetry.

       2. The Drama and Dramatists.

       3. History and Historians.

       4. Oratory.

       XX. Greek Philosophy and Science.

       XXI. Social Life of the Greeks.

      SECTION III.—ROMAN HISTORY.

      XXII. The Roman Kingdom.

       XXIII. The Early Roman Republic: Conquest of Italy.

       XXIV. The First Punic War.

       XXV. The Second Punic War.

       XXVI. The Third Punic War.

       XXVII. The Last Century of the Roman Republic.

       XXVIII. The Last Century of the Roman Republic (concluded). XXIX. The Roman Empire (from 31 B.C. to A.D. 180). XXX. Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire in the West (A.D. 180–476). XXXI. Roman Civilization. 1. Architecture. 2. Literature, Philosophy, and Law. 3. Social Life.

      PART II.

      MEDIÆVAL AND MODERN HISTORY.

      INTRODUCTION.

      SECTION I.—MEDIÆVAL HISTORY.

      FIRST PERIOD.—THE DARK AGES.

       (From the Fall of Rome, A.D. 476, to the Eleventh Century.)

      XXXII. Migrations and Settlements of the Teutonic Tribes.

       XXXIII. The Conversion of the Barbarians.

       XXXIV. Fusion of the Latin and Teutonic Peoples.

       XXXV. The Roman Empire in the East.

       XXXVI. Mohammed and the Saracens.

       XXXVII. Charlemagne and the Restoration of the Empire in the West.

       XXXVIII. The Northmen.

       XXXIX. Rise of the Papal Power.

      SECOND PERIOD.—THE AGE OF REVIVAL.

       (From the opening of the Eleventh Century to the Discovery of America by

       Columbus, in 1492.)

      XL. Feudalism and Chivalry.

       1. Feudalism.

       2. Chivalry.

       XLI. The Norman Conquest of England.

       XLII. The Crusades.

       1. Introductory: Causes of the Crusades.

       2. The First Crusade.

       3. The Second Crusade.

       4. The Third Crusade.

       5. The Fourth Crusade.

       6. Close of the Crusades: Their Results.

       XLIII. Supremacy of the Papacy: Decline of its Temporal Power.

       XLIV. Conquests of the Turanian Tribes.

       XLV. Growth of the Towns: The Italian City-Republics.

       XLVI. The Revival of Learning.

       XLVII. Growth of the Nations: Formation of National Governments

       and Literatures.

       1. England.

       2. France.

       3. Spain.

       4. Germany.

       5. Russia.

       6. Italy.

       7. The Northern Countries.

      SECTION II. MODERN HISTORY.

      INTRODUCTION

      THIRD PERIOD.—THE ERA OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION.

      

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