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– families, friends, neighbours and communities – together.

      Emotions also allow us to create and express ideas and thoughts that wouldn’t necessarily come about through rational thinking. Anger, for example, can inspire a dramatic painting. Despair and sadness can inspire beautiful, moving poetry, songwriting and music. Art, music and literature all provoke and inspire emotions and create an emotional connection between the art, music or writing and the viewer, listener or reader.

      Emotions then, all have a positive intent; they help keep you safe, help you establish and maintain connections with others, and inspire creativity. On the one hand, emotions can focus our thoughts and behaviour and on the other hand, can enhance and widen thoughts and experience.

      In Practice

      Nothing vivifies and nothing kills like the emotions. – Joseph Roux

      Be more aware of and develop your understanding of the physical safety and the social and creative purposes of emotions:

      • Think of situations when an emotion prompted you to do or say something automatically, without thinking. Where you acted instantly, for example, out of fear, disgust or anger, you responded without thinking.

      • Think of times when you’ve experienced a social emotion; an emotion that has prompted you to do or say something to manage the interactions between you and someone else.

      Have there been occasions when, for example, you’ve tried to put things right because you’ve felt guilty about a wrongdoing?

      • Think of a time when someone else has shown you empathy, compassion or kindness. Did it help you to feel understood, comforted or supported?

      • What about the times others’ emotions have influenced you? Perhaps you’ve noticed that someone was frustrated and upset and it prompted you to offer them your help.

      Think of the songs and music you like to listen to. How do particular songs or pieces of music make you feel? What music, films, poems, books, paintings inspire you? Which songs and music lift your spirits? What films, music, poems, etc. make you feel sad and reflective?

      Over the next few days, notice when your emotions motivate your action, save you time, help you get something done, or help you to reach out and respond to someone else.

      UNDERSTANDING THE ASPECTS OF EMOTIONS

      Emotions bridge thought, feeling, and action.– John D. Mayer

      Whether you’re aware of it or not, when you experience an emotion, it is made up of three aspects: thoughts, physical feelings and behaviour.

      There’s no one specific order in which the aspects of an emotion occur, but any one aspect can affect the others. What you think can affect how you feel physically. It can also alter how you behave. Equally, what you do – how you behave – can affect how you feel and what you think.

      Imagine, for example, that you came home to discover that the shower wasn’t working or the heating had broken down. Again. You’re angry. Your angry response could have begun with a physical reaction: tense muscles, increased heart rate and rapid breathing. This triggered a behavioural reaction – you thumped the table – followed by the thought. ‘Oh no! Not again. I’ve had enough of this!’

      Or, perhaps you thumped the table first which triggered a physical response: your muscles tensed and your heart rate and breathing increased. Again, your thoughts follow close behind.

      Or the angry response could begin with the thought ‘Oh my God! Not again. I’ve had enough of this!’ This thought triggered an increase in your heart rate, rapid breathing and tensed muscles. And then you thumped the table.

      When it comes to emotional intelligence, it helps to be more aware of and understand these different aspects or parts of an emotion.

      In Practice

      Let’s not forget that the little emotions are the great captains of our lives and we obey them without realising it.– Vincent Van Gogh

      Each of the situations below has provoked an emotion: anxiety, joy and disappointment. Each emotion has possible physical responses and possible cognitive and behavioural responses.

      Imagine what those physical feelings, thoughts and behavioural responses might be for yourself. Could they be different for someone else?

      Situation: Giving a presentation at work

      Emotion: Anxiety

      • Physical feelings:

      • Thoughts:

      • Behaviour:

      Situation: Passing a test, exam or receiving a job offer

      Emotion: Joy

      • Physical feelings:

      • Thoughts:

      • Behaviour:

      Situation: An event you were looking forward to being cancelled

      Emotion: Disappointment

      • Physical feelings:

      • Thoughts:

      • Behaviour:

      Next time you experience a strong emotion – for example anger, joy, guilt, embarrassment – try to identify each aspect – the physical feelings, the thoughts and behaviour. Breaking an emotion down into smaller parts makes it easier to see how the different parts are connected, how they interact and how they can affect you and other people when they experience an emotion.

      UNDERSTANDING THE POSITIVE INTENT OF EMOTIONS

      Never apologize for showing your feelings. When you do, you are apologizing for the truth. – José N. Harris

      We often think of emotions as being either positive or negative. But the idea that we should aim to only have ‘positive’ emotions such as happiness, hope and compassion is not helpful because it suggests that we should try to avoid or suppress ‘negative’ emotions such as resentment, impatience and jealousy.

      The fact is, all emotions have a positive purpose. Emotions such as fear, anger, sadness and regret might not feel good but they do have a beneficial purpose.

      Fear is a clear example of an emotion that has a positive purpose: to protect you. Anxiety also has a positive purpose. Anxiety about an exam, for example, can motivate you to focus, to cut out all distractions and revise. Anxiety only becomes negative if it so overwhelms you that you’re unable to think clearly enough to do the revision.

      The problem is, when we experience a ‘negative’ emotion, we often have a tendency to enforce it with negative responses. Take regret, for example. The positive intent of regret is to prompt you to learn from and avoid making a similar mistake in future. Regret is only negative if you become stuck in negative thoughts, self-blame and inaction. But it’s not the emotion that is negative; it’s your thinking and lack of action!

      In Practice

      Your intellect may be confused, but your emotions will never lie to you. – Roger Ebert

      Try to keep in mind that emotions serve a positive purpose. Emotions are your mind and body’s way of communicating with you. They’re trying to get you to take positive, helpful action in response to something that has happened, is happening or could happen.

      • What, do you think, might be the positive purpose of guilt; the feeling of responsibility or remorse for some offence or wrongdoing that you believe you’ve committed?

      • What, do you think, might be the positive purpose of anger; the strong feeling, the sense of injustice, in response to the feeling that you or someone else has been wronged?

      • What, do you think, might be the positive purpose of envy; feeling resentful because someone else has something you don’t?

      • What,

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