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catalysis. (a) Ye’s NHC/photoredo...Figure 6.24. Photoredox and carbene catalysis for the generation of ketones....Figure 6.25. Photoenolization/Diels–Alder reaction of acid fluorides.Figure 6.26. NHC‐catalyzed amidation of unactivated esters. (a) NHC‐catalyze...Figure 6.27. Activation of esters and ketones by NHC as Brønsted base. (a) N...Figure 6.28. Michael additions catalyzed by NHCs through non‐covalent pathwa...Figure 6.29. NHC as Brønsted base catalyzed Michael additions. (a) Scheidt’s...Figure 6.30. Early researches on cooperative NHC/Pd catalysis. (a) Hamada’s ...Figure 6.31. NHC/Pd dual‐catalyzed reactions of aldehydes. (a) Liu’s Pd‐NHC ...Figure 6.32. NHC/Pd dual catalyzed asymmetric coupling reactions. (a) NHC/Pd...Figure 6.33. NHC/Pd dual catalyzed umpolung 1,4‐addition.Figure 6.34. NHC/Cu dual‐catalyzed activation of alkynes as enolate equivale...Figure 6.35. NHC/Cu dual‐catalyzed enantioselective [3+3] and [3+4] annulati...Figure 6.36. Kinetic resolution of aziridines enabled by NHC/Cu dual catalys...Figure 6.37. NHC/Au dual‐catalyzed enantioselective annulation reactions....Figure 6.38. NHC/Ir dual‐catalyzed [3+2] and [4+2] annulations. (a) NHC/Ir d...Figure 6.39. NHC/Lewis acid dual‐catalyzed annulation with homoenolates.Figure 6.40. NHC/Lewis acid dual‐catalyzed reactions. (a) NHC/Lewis acid dua...Figure 6.41. A switched reaction pathway enabled by NHC/Lewis acid dual cata...Figure 6.42. Early cooperative catalytic strategies of NHCs and Brønsted aci...Figure 6.43. NHC/Brønsted acid dual‐catalyzed β‐protonation of enals. (a) Sc...Figure 6.44. NHC/thiourea dual‐catalyzed construction of spirocyclic structu...Figure 6.45. Cooperative catalysis of NHCs with other catalysts. (a) Youn’s ...Figure 6.46. Cooperative catalysis of NHCs and HOBt.Figure 6.47. Kinetic resolution of secondary and tertiary alcohols. (a) Suzu...Figure 6.48. Kinetic resolution of alcohols and phenols. (a) Yamada’s NHC‐ca...Figure 6.49. NHC‐catalyzed kinetic resolution of amines.Figure 6.50. NHC‐catalyzed kinetic resolution of imines. (a) Chi’s NHC‐catal...Figure 6.51. NHC‐catalyzed DKR of functionalized ketones. (a) Bode’s NHC‐cat...Figure 6.52. NHC‐catalyzed DKR of esters and pyranones. (a) Chi’s DKR of α,α...Figure 6.53. Acylative desymmetrization of diols. (a) Rovis’s NHC‐catalyzed ...Figure 6.54. Acylative desymmetrization of biphenols. (a) Chi’s NHC‐catalyze...Figure 6.55. Desymmetrization through benzoin and Stetter reactions. (a) Ema...Figure 6.56. Desymmetrization of 1,4‐dienes and 1,3‐diketones. (a) Fang’s NH...Figure 6.57. Total synthesis of (−)‐seragakinone A.Figure 6.58. Formal synthesis of (±)‐platensimycin.Figure 6.59. Total synthesis of roseophilin.Figure 6.60. Total synthesis of Maremycin B.Figure 6.61. Total synthesis of Yohimbine alkaloids.Figure 6.62. Total synthesis of defucogilvocarcins E, M, and V.Figure 6.63. Synthesis of BCDEF ring analogue of fredericamycin A.Figure 6.64. Total synthesis of (−)‐Δ⁹‐tetrahydrocannabinol.Figure 6.65. Total synthesis of (+)‐dactylolide.

      7 Chapter 7Scheme 7.1 Chiral organoiodine(III and V) reagents.Scheme 7.2 General catalytic cycles of organoiodine(III/I and V/III) catalys...Scheme 7.3 Challenges in the hypervalent iodine‐mediated enantioselective ox...Scheme 7.4 The first enantioselective dearomatization of 1‐naphthols using c...Scheme 7.5 Kita’s modified spirobiindane‐derived catalyst 20 for highly enan...Scheme 7.6 Design of conformationally flexible first‐generation chiral organ...Scheme 7.7 Lactate‐derived bis‐sec‐amide 25a‐catalyzed highly enantioselecti...Scheme 7.8 Design of 2‐aminoalcohol‐derived organoiodines as conformationall...Scheme 7.9 Conformationally flexible iodoarene 27a‐catalyzed enantioselectiv...Scheme 7.10 Additional methanol effect on the enantioselective dearomatizati...Scheme 7.11 X‐ray structures of extended iodine(I) 27a and folded iodine(III...Scheme 7.12 Enantioselective oxidative cyclization of ortho‐ and para‐hydroq...Scheme 7.13 Enantioselective oxidative spirolactonization of 1‐ and 2‐naphth...Scheme 7.14 Asymmetric total synthesis of (–)‐maldoxin using organoiodine ca...Scheme 7.15 Enantioselective dearomative cyclization using chiral iodoarene ...Scheme 7.16 Enantioselective dearomative C–C coupling.Scheme 7.17 Triazole‐derived C₁‐symmetric iodoarene 33‐catalyzed enantiosele...Scheme 7.18 Structurally unique chiral iodoarene catalysts 34–38.Scheme 7.19 Enantioselective dearomative hydroxylation of 1‐napthol using bi...Scheme 7.20 Examples of natural products synthesized by enantioselective hyd...Scheme 7.21 The first organoiodine‐catalyzed enantioselective para‐dearomati...Scheme 7.22 Lactate‐derived 25c‐catalyzed enantioselective para‐hydroxylatio...Scheme 7.23 Highly enantioselective para‐hydroxylation of phenols using inda...Scheme 7.24 Chiral organoiodine‐catalyzed enantioselective α‐oxytosylation o...Scheme 7.25 Mechanistic consideration of the enantioselective α‐oxytosylatio...Scheme 7.26 Highly enantioselective α‐oxytosylation of enol esters under cat...Scheme 7.27 Highly enantioselective α‐oxytosylation of propiophenone using 3...Scheme 7.28 Bis‐sec‐amide 25c‐catalyzed enantioselective α‐oxyacylation of e...Scheme 7.29 Enantioselective oxylactonization of ketocarboxylic acid.Scheme 7.30 The first chiral organoiodine(III)‐catalyzed enantioselective or...Scheme 7.31 Highly enantioselective α‐fluorination of indanone‐derived β‐ket...Scheme 7.32 Enantioselective α‐fluorination using planar chiral catalyst 63....Scheme 7.33 Enantioselective oxidative Friedel–Crafts type spirocyclizations...Scheme 7.34 Enantioselective cascade oxidative spirocyclization.Scheme 7.35 Enantioselective vicinal dioxygenations of styrene using chiral ...Scheme 7.36 Chiral organoiodine‐catalyzed cascade enantioselective oxidative...Scheme 7.37 Diastereo‐ and enantioselective oxylactonization of ortho‐alkeny...Scheme 7.38 Enantioselective oxidative aminocyclization.Scheme 7.39 Enantioselective oxidative cyclization of unsaturated amides. (a...Scheme 7.40 Organoiodine‐catalyzed enantioselective oxidative fluorocyclizat...Scheme 7.41 Enantioselective fluorocyclization via C–O and C–C bond formatio...Scheme 7.42 Enantioselective vicinal diacetoxylation of styrenes.Scheme 7.43 Catalytic enantioselective vicinal diamination of styrenes.Scheme 7.44 Catalytic enantioselective intermolecular oxyamination of alkene...Scheme 7.45 Catalytic enantioselective vicinal difluorination of alkenes. (a...Scheme 7.46 Catalytic enantioselective geminal difluorination of alkenes. (a...Scheme 7.47 Catalytic enantioselective geminal difluorination of alkenes....Scheme 7.48 Enantioselective oxidative rearrangement of tertiary allylic alc...

      8 Chapter 8Scheme 8.1. Enantioselective α‐alkylation of aldehydes: general mechanism.Scheme 8.2. Extension to the enantioselective α‐perfluoroalkylation and β‐cy...Scheme 8.3. Alternative photosensitizers.Scheme 8.4. Enantioselective α‐alkylation of β‐ketocarbonyl compounds and β‐...Scheme 8.5. Enantioselective α‐benzylation of aldehydes with bromo‐derivativ...Scheme 8.6. Enantioselective α‐benzylation of aldehydes with alcohols.Scheme 8.7. Enantioselective α‐alkylation of aldehydes with alkenes.Scheme 8.8. Enantioselective α‐alkynylation of β‐ketocarbonyl compounds.Scheme 8.9. Enantioselective β‐arylation of cyclohexanone.Scheme 8.10. Enantioselective conjugate addition of C‐centered radicals to c...Scheme 8.11. Enantioselective β‐hydroacylation and β‐alkylation of enals.Scheme 8.12. Enantioselective reduction of 1,2‐diketones.Scheme 8.13. Enantioselective reductive dehalogenation of α–α‐dihalogeno aro...Scheme 8.14. Enantioselective photocatalytic synthesis of pyrroloindolines....Scheme 8.15. Enantioselective intramolecular hydroamination of alkenes.Scheme 8.16. Deracemization of cyclic ureas.Scheme 8.17. Enantioselective aza‐pinacol cyclization.Scheme 8.18. Enantioselective Minisci‐type addition reaction of α‐amino acid...Scheme 8.19. Enantioselective Minisci‐type reactions. (a) Isoquinolines as r...Scheme 8.20. Conjugate addition/enantioselective protonation of N‐aryl glyci...Scheme 8.21. Enantioselective conjugate addition of prochiral ketyl radicals...Scheme 8.22. Enantioselective (3+2)‐radical cycloaddition between cyclopropy...Scheme 8.23. Enantioselective reduction of various 2‐azaaryl ketones.Scheme 8.24. Enantioselective syntheses of furoindolines and pyrroloindoline...Scheme 8.25. Conjugate addition/enantioselective protonation of simple alkan...Scheme 8.26. Enantioselective coupling of α‐bromo ketones with N‐aryl α‐amin...Scheme 8.27. Enantioselective coupling of N‐arylaminomethanes with N‐sulfony...Scheme 8.28. Enantioselective coupling of glycine esters derivatives with α‐...Scheme 8.29. Enantioselective photo‐Giese‐type reactions: general mechanism....Scheme 8.30. Examples of enantioselective photo‐Giese‐type reactions. (a) RuScheme 8.31. Various strategies of generation of C‐centered radicals for ena...Scheme 8.32. Enantioselective synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indoles.Scheme 8.33. Enantioselective 1,2‐addition reactions of α‐aminoalkyl radical...Scheme 8.34. Enantioselective coupling of α‐silylamines

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