LITMIR.BIZ

Скачать книгу

Metropolitan Studies write on how the city of Barcelona is currently dealing with the redesign of services for people considering the interaction between the physical and social aspects. Innovative practices in the field of the care of elderly people and the creation of solidarity ties are explained as examples that help the city to move towards a new social city model, based on a territorial and community approach. This would crystallize into what they call ‘integral superblocks’, small territorial units whereby to better organize the response to population needs and societal challenges.

      Vincent Chua, a sociologist at the Department of Sociology of National University Singapore, writes about cities as places of great social diversity characterized by the coexistence of different groups who do not always mingle with each other. He writes about the emergence of a class divide in Singapore in terms of the network segregation that has occurred along the lines of education and housing. He proposes three ways to create an inclusive society. First, the establishment of common frames of reference that unite diverse groups. Second, the promotion of voluntary associational life to enhance social capital. And third, the active building of personal communities based on the principles of diversity that foster, at the collective level, a greater sense of belonging.

      Chong Keng Hua, Ha Tshui Mum and To Kien from the Social Urban Research Groupe at Singapore University of Technology & Design (SUTD) and Yuen Chau, SUTD, share about how an inclusive smart community can be achieved through two strategies: social integration and enabling community. The former prioritizes and offers place‐making and place‐keeping opportunities to the marginalized groups, thereby improving wellbeing for all; the latter blends Big Data and Thick Data into the generative co‐creating process, and through online‐offline engagement platforms encourages self‐initiation by the community themselves. They envision that such ‘Community Enabling Framework’ could bring about cohesiveness amidst diversity, and social resilience in time of crisis.

      Ian Dickenson, Principal at Lorcan O'Herlihy Architects [LOHA] in Los Angeles, recounts insights gleaned during ongoing community‐led design work the firm has been engaged with in Detroit – a post‐industrial city significantly affected by systemic changes in global production, by subsequent depopulation, disinvestment, and policies that marginalized vast portions of the population. Ranging from large community framework plans to stand‐alone structures the firm has been engaged in, LOHA present contextually driven responses at a variety of scales. The author advocates the importance of collective mentality, active participation, and sharing of environments – as joint resource and responsibility to actively define and maintain both as physical and ideological space. Based on conclusions from community workshops, focus group meetings, and feedback sessions, design strategies, programming initiatives, and policy recommendations were developed to nurture an inclusive revitalization of exemplary urban neighbourhoods that could as well set an example for growing cities.

      Florian Heinzelmann and Daliana Suryawinata from SHAU Architects share about their design agenda for Indonesian cities. They consider architecture as an impactful agency to enable urban reciprocal practices, forms, and processes as important elements contributing to an open city. They share about a number of projects, ranging from public spaces to empower local communities, micro‐libraries to respond to high illiteracy rates but to also accommodate multiple other community‐driven activities, and in parts participatory housing projects embracing the informal kampong spirit for vertical, multiprogrammatic communalities.

      Gerald Kössl, a sociologist and housing researcher at the Austrian Federation of Limited‐Profit Housing Associations, discusses the role and our understanding of markets in the context of housing governance and social inclusion. His contribution shows how housing can both foster social inclusion but also act as a motor of exclusion and inequality, as has been the case with the growing shortage of affordable housing across Europe and many other cities worldwide. He draws on the case of Vienna's housing market and the role of limited‐profit housing associations within it to evidence the societal benefits of an economic (housing) model where cost recovery, circularity of investments, and long‐term thinking are favoured over profit maximization, rent extraction, and short‐termism.

References

      1 Alonso, T. (2019). Francesco Tonucci, creator of The City of Children: ‘Cities must choose between improving or disappearing. 15 November. www.smartcitylab.com/blog/inclusive‐sharing/francesco‐tonucci‐city‐of‐children (accessed 25 April 2020).

      2 Arendt, A. (1958). The Human Condition. University of Chicago Press.

      3 Armborst, T., D'Oca, D., and Theodore, G., written and edited with Gold, R. (2017), ‘The Arsenal of Exclusion & Inclusion’, Actar

      4 van den Bergen, M. and Vollaard, P. (2009). Open city: Designing coexistence: A conversation with Kees Christiaanse, 6 July. www.archined.nl/2009/07/open‐city‐designing‐coexistence (accessed 20 March 2020).

      5 Better Dwelling. (2017). Toronto has over 99,000 unoccupied homes, here's where they are. https://betterdwelling.com/city/toronto/toronto‐has‐over‐99000‐unoccupied‐homes‐heres‐where‐they‐are‐interactive (accessed January 2020).

      6 Bicknell, J. and McQuiston, L., eds. (1977). Design for Need: The Social Contribution of Design. Conference proceedings. Pergamon Press & Royal College of Art, London, Center for Universal Design.

      7 Black, K.J., Ormond, B.A., Tilly, J., and Thomas, S. (2004). Supportive Services Programs in Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Urban Institute. http://aspe.hhs.gov/daltcp/reports/norcssp.htm (accessed 25 April 2020).

      8 Cabré, E. and Andrés, A. (2018). La Borda: a case study on the implementation of cooperative housing in Catalonia. International Journal of Housing Policy 18 (3): 412–432.

      9 Coleman, R., Lebbon, C., Clarkson, J., and Keates, S. (2003). From margins to mainstream. In: Inclusive Design (eds. J. Clarkson, S. Keates, R. Coleman and C. Lebbon), 1–25. London: Springer.

      10 Deng, Y., Gyourko, J., and Teng, L. (2019). Singapore's cooling measures and its housing market. Journal of Housing Economics 45: 101573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2018.04.001.

      11 Förster, A., Bernögger, A., and Brunner, B. (2020). Wohnen jenseits des Standards – Auf den Spuren neuer Wohnlösungen für ein differenziertes und bedürfnisgerechtes Wohnungsangebot. Ludwigsburg: Wüstenrot Stiftung.

      12 Frearson, A. (2016). Patrik Schumacher calls for social housing and public space to be scrapped. Dezeen, 18 November. www.dezeen.com/2016/11/18/patrik‐schumacher‐social‐housing‐public‐space‐scrapped‐london‐world‐architecture‐festival‐2016 (accessed 15 April 2019).

      13 Glaeser, E. (2011). Triumph of the City – how our Greatest Invention Makes us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier. The Penguin.

      14 Glaeser, E. (2013). Ease housing regulation to increase supply. New York Times, 16 October.

      15 Government of British Columbia. (2020). Speculation and Vacancy Tax, 2020. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/taxes/speculation‐vacancy‐tax (accessed 12 March 2019).

      16 Government of Canada. (2018). National Housing Strategy. www.placetocallhome.ca/what‐is‐the‐strategy (accessed 1 April 2019).

      17 Hamm, O.G. (2015). Puukuokka Housing Block, Bauwelt 28–29.

      18 Harris,

Скачать книгу