Эпоха надзорного капитализма. Битва за человеческое будущее на новых рубежах власти - Шошана Зубофф

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Valliere and Rein Peterson, “Inflating the Bubble: Examining Dot-Com Investor Behaviour,” Venture Capital 6, no. 1 (2004): 1–22.

      150

      Valliere and Peterson, “Inflating the Bubble,” 17–18. См. также: Udayan Gupta, ed., Done Deals: Venture Capitalists Tell Their Stories (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2000), 170–171, 190. Junfu Zhang, “Access to Venture Capital and the Performance of Venture-Backed Startups in Silicon Valley,” Economic Development Quarterly 21, no. 2 (2007): 124–147.

      151

      Среди первого поколения интернет-стартапов Кремниевой долины, получивших венчурную поддержку, 12,5 % осуществили первичное размещение акций в концу 2001 г., в сравнении с 7,3 % в остальной части страны, и в то же время только 4,2 % стартапов Долины вышли на прибыль, что существенно меньше, чем в остальной части страны.

      152

      Zhang, “Access to Venture Capital”, 124–147.

      153

      Patricia Leigh Brown, “Teaching Johnny Values Where Money Is King,” New York Times, March 10, 2000, http://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/10/us/teaching-johnny-values-where-money-is-king.html.

      154

      Kara Swisher, “Dot-Com Bubble Has Burst; Will Things Worsen in 2001?” Wall Street Journal, December 19, 2000, http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB9770911 8336535099.

      155

      S. Humphreys, “Legalizing Lawlessness: On Giorgio Agamben’s State of Exception,” European Journal of International Law 17, no. 3 (2006): 677–687, https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chl020.

      156

      Levy, In the Plex, 83–85.

      157

      Ibid., 86–87 (выделено мной. – Ш. З.).

      158

      Lee, “Postcards”.

      159

      Ibid.

      160

      Ibid.

      161

      Auletta, Googled.

      162

      John Markoff and G. Pascal Zachary, “In Searching the Web, Google Finds Riches,” New York Times, April 13, 2003, http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/13/business/in-searching-the-web-google-finds-riches.html.

      163

      Peter Coy, “The Secret to Google’s Success,” Bloomberg.com, March 6, 2006, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2006-03-05/the-secret-to-googles-success (выделено мной. – Ш. З.).

      164

      См., например, следующую подборку типичных заявок на патенты, поданных Google примерно в этот период: Krishna Bharat, Stephen Lawrence, and Mehran Sahami, Generating user information for use in targeted advertising, US9235849 B2, filed December 31, 2003, and issued January 12, 2016, http://www.google.com/patents/US9235849; Jacob Samuels Burnim, System and method for targeting advertisements or other information using user geographical information, US7949714 B1, filed December 5, 2005, and issued May 24, 2011, http://www.google.com/patents/US7949714; Alexander P. Carobus et al., Content-targeted advertising using collected user behavior data, US20140337128 A1, filed July 25, 2014, and issued November 13, 2014, http://www.google.com/patents/US20140337128; Jeffrey Dean, Georges Harik, and Paul Buchheit, Methods and apparatus for serving relevant advertisements, US20040059708 A1, filed December 6, 2002, and issued March 25, 2004, http://www.google.com/patents/US20040059708; Jeffrey Dean, Georges Harik, and Paul Buchheit, Serving advertisements using information associated with e-mail, US20040059712 A1, filed June 2, 2003, and issued March 25, 2004, http://www.google.com/patents/US20040059712; Andrew Fikes, Ross Koningstein, and John Bauer, System and method for automatically targeting web-based advertisements, US8041601 B2, issued October 18, 2011, http://www.google.com/patents/US8041601; Georges R. Harik, Generating information for online advertisements from internet data and traditional media data, US8438154 B2, filed September 29, 2003, and issued May 7, 2013, http://www.google.com/patents/US8438154; Georges R. Harik, Serving advertisements using a search of advertiser web information, US7647299 B2, filed June 30, 2003, and issued January 12, 2010, http://www.google.com/patents/US7647299; Rob Kniaz, Abhinay Sharma, and Kai Chen, Syndicated trackable ad content, US7996777 B2, issued August 9, 2011, http://www.google.com/patents/US7996777; Method of delivery, targeting, and measuring advertising over networks, USRE44724 E1, filed May 24, 2000, and issued January 21, 2014, http://www.google.com/patents/USRE44724.

      165

      Методы и технологии, описанные в этом патенте (Generating user information for use in targeted advertising), изобрели трое выдающихся компьютерных ученых – Кришна Бхагат, Стивен Лоуренс и Мехам Сахами.

      166

      Bharat, Lawrence, and Sahami, Generating user information.

      167

      Ibid., 11.

      168

      Ibid., 11–12.

      169

      Ibid., 15 (выделено мной. – Ш. З.).

      170

      Ibid.

      171

      Ibid., 18.

      172

      Ibid., 12.

      173

      Ibid. (выделено мной. – Ш. З.).

      174

      Эмпирические исследования говорят о том, что, когда пользователи оценивают степень конфиденциальности, первостепенное значение они придают праву на принятие решений. См.: Laura Brandimarte, Alessandro Acquisti, and George Loewenstein, “Misplaced Confidences: Privacy and the Control Paradox,” Social Psychological and Personality Science 4, no. 3 (2010): 340–347.

      175

      Bharat, Lawrence, and Sahami, Generating user information,

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