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on disease prediction to develop an intuitive understanding of fundamental design principles. These concepts are carried to their fullest complexity with neural networks and their learning. The working of artificial neurons and the architecture stands in stark contrast with their biological counterparts.

       Chapter 6 introduces machine learning as a public safety tool. A solid discussion on the relationship between public safety and video surveillance systems is provided. The topic of offline crime prevention leads to the extremely important topic of public safety, which is discussed in the context of machine learning theory.

       Chapter 7 introduces semantic web ontology, multi-agent system in a semantic framework, decision-making ontology and query optimizer agent. These unified methods open up a new avenue of research.

       Chapter 8 focuses on the detection, prediction and intervention strategies of attention deficiency in the brain. These important topics are missing from many current texts on machine learning.

       Chapter 9 summarizes the issues concerning the progression of osteoporosis using machine learning and the treatment models, and culminates in the presentation of K-nearest neighbor and decision tree algorithms.

       Chapter 10 covers the issues in biomedical text processing and the food industry. It addresses the latest topics of face recognition systems for domestic cattle, assortment of vegetables and fruits, plant leaf disease detection and approaches for sentiment analysis on drug reviews.

       Chapter 11 discusses hyperparameter tuning of the MobileNet-based CNN model and also explains ResNet5.0. It presents a variety of important machine learning concepts found in the literature, including confusion matrix and classification results.

       Chapter 12 presents a detailed introduction to the theory and terminology of deep learning, image classifier, and data preprocessing with augmentation. It talks about malaria cell detection and finally the results are tabulated in a meaningful manner for further fruitful research.

       Chapter 13 considers various approaches for the design of transfer learning, including CNN architecture with ROC curve as a core neural network model, which can incorporate human expertise as well as adapt themselves through repeated learning.

       Chapter 14 provides a model for early stage detection. It gives a variety of application examples in different domains such as multivariate regression, model building, and different learning algorithms.

       Chapter 15 presents the concept of using the internet of things (IoT) in healthcare applications. It focuses on networking system using the IoT, smart hospital environments, emerging vulnerabilities and threat analysis.

       Chapter 16 explains real-time health monitoring. It proposes a framework for model construction, supervised learning, neural networks for classification and decision-making. An application is presented that supports health monitoring by implementing IoT concepts. A multiple linear regression algorithm and random forest algorithm are used to map the requirement of distance health monitoring.

       Chapter 17 introduces ontology in healthcare. It also explains NLP-based retrieval for COVID-19 dataset. Query formulation and retrieval from a knowledgebase are handled in an effective manner. Included are several examples in the literature to travel further in this research direction.

       Chapter 18 summarizes the topics necessary for COVID-19 research. It details the public discourse and sentiment during the coronavirus pandemic. Moreover, how to understand text semantics and semantic analysis using social media are explained.

       Chapter 19 is devoted to basic COVID-19 research and its relationship to various data mining techniques. Prediction and analysis of COVID-19 dataset, dataset collection, backpropagation neural network, and several algorithms are discussed in detail.

       Chapter 20 details automated diagnosis of COVID-19. Topics treated include the feature extraction, genetic algorithm and image segmentation technique. The presented approach provides a description of both the chosen approach and its implementation.

       Chapter 21 provides users and developers with a methodology to evaluate the present system. It focuses on the future of telemedicine with machine learning. The state-of-the-art, existing solutions and new challenges to be addressed are emphasized. Fast electronics health record retrieval, intelligent assistance for patient diagnosis and remote monitoring of patients are discussed very clearly.

       Chapter 22 discusses the challenges faced by chronic disease patients and the lightweight convolutional neural network used to address these challenges. Experimental results are tabulated, leading to active research in the healthcare field

       Chapter 23 discusses disease diagnosis. Active solutions using machine learning techniques are given along with the generalize tools used to implement the concepts. A wide range of research areas are also given for future work.

       Chapter 24 explains the detection of disease and its related solution in machine learning. The chapter continues with the treatment of machine leaning algorithms that are dynamic in nature. It presents a number of powerful machine learning models with the associated learnings. A discussion section is provided that briefly explains what can be computed with the models.

      Finally, we would like to sincerely thank all those involved in the successful completion of the book. First, our sincere gratitude goes to the chapters’ authors who contributed their time and expertise to this book. Second, the editors wish to acknowledge the valuable contributions of the reviewers regarding the improvement of quality, coherence, and content presented in the chapters.

      The Editors February 2021

Part 1 INTRODUCTION TO INTELLIGENT HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS

1

      Innovation on Machine Learning in Healthcare Services—An Introduction

      Parthasarathi Pattnayak1* and Om Prakash Jena2

       1School of Computer Applications, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

       2Department of Computer Science, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India

       Abstract

      The healthcare offerings in evolved and developing international locations are seriously important. The use of machine gaining knowledge of strategies in healthcare enterprise has a crucial significance and increases

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