LITMIR.BIZ

       Axis 1: a set of opertionalised RDC for use in evaluating and investigating masticatory muscle pain, DD and degenerative diseases of the TMJ.

       Axis 2: a set of operational RDC to assess chronic pain, dysfunction, depression, non‐specific physical symptoms, and orofacial disability.

       The RDC categorise TMD criteria into three groups according to the common factors among conditions.

      1 I.a Myofascial painCriteria: Reported pain in masticatory musclesPain on palpation in at least three sites, one of them at least in the same side of the reported pain.

      2 I.b Myofascial pain with limited openingCriteria: Myofascial painPain‐free unassisted opening <40 mm and passive stretch ≥5 mm.

      1 II.a DD with reductionCriteria: No pain in the jointReproducible click on excursion with either opening or closing clickWith click on opening and closing (unless excursive click confirmed):Click on opening occurs at ≥5 mm interincisal distance than on closingClicks eliminated by protrusive opening

      2 II.b DD without reduction with limited openingCriteria: History of locking or catching that interfered with eatingAbsence of TMJ clickingUnassisted opening (even painful) ≤35 mm and passive stretch ≤4 mmContralateral excursion <7 mm or uncorrected ipsilateral deviation on opening

      3 II.c DD without reduction without limited openingCriteria: History of locking or catching that interfered with eatingThe presence of TMJ sounds excluding DDR clickingUnassisted opening (even painful) >35 mm and passive stretch >4 mmContralateral excursion ≥7 mm 5. Optional imaging (Arthrography or MRI) to confirm DD

      1 III.a ArthralgiaPain and tenderness/no crepitationCriteria: Pain on TMJ palpation either laterally or intra auricularSelf‐reported joint pain with or without jaw movementAbsence of crepitus, and possibility of clicking

      2 III.b OsteoarthritisInflammatory conditionPainCrepitation and/or changes on radiographCriteria: Pain as for arthralgiaCrepitus on any movement or radiographic evidence of joint changes

      3 III.c OsteoarthrosisDegenerative disorderNo painCrepitation and/or changes on radiographCriteria: Crepitus on any movement or radiographic evidence of joint changesNo reported joint pain nor pain on any movement

      1 Avery, J. (2006). Essential of Oral Histology and Embryology: A Clinical Approach, 3nde. St Louis, MO: Mosby.

      2 Gage, J.P. (1989). Mechanisms of disc displacement in the temporomandibular joint. Aust Dent J 34: 427–436.

      3 Gray, R.J., Davies, S.J., and Quayle, A.A. (1994). A clinical approach to temporomandibular disorders. 1. Classification and functional anatomy. Br Dent J 176: 429–435.

      4 Rees, L.A. (1954). The structure and function of the mandibular joint. J Br Dent AssocXCVI: 126–133.

      5 Schiffman, E., Ohrbach, R., Truelove, E. et al. (2014). Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) for clinical and research applications: recommendations of the international RDC/TMD consortium network and orofacial pain special interest group. J Oral Facial Pain Headache 28: 6–27.