LITMIR.BIZ

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      2 2 England, G.C.W., Clarke, K.W., and Goossens, L. (1992). A comparison of the sedative effects of three α2‐adrenoceptor agonists (romifidine, detomidine and xylazine) in the horse. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 15 (2): 194–201.

      3 3 Wilson, D.V., Bohart, G.V., Evans, A.T. et al. (2002). Retrospective analysis of detomidine infusion for standing chemical restraint in 51 horses. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. 29 (1): 54–57.

      4 4 Singh, S., Young, S.S., McDonell, W.N. et al. (1997). Modification of cardiopulmonary and intestinal motility effects of xylazine with glycopyrrolate in horses. Can. J. Vet. Res. 61 (2): 99.

      5 5 Neto, F.J.T., McDonell, W.N., Black, W.D. et al. (2004). Effects of glycopyrrolate on cardiorespiratory function in horses anesthetized with halothane and xylazine. Am. J. Vet. Res. 65 (4): 456–463.

      6 6 Pimenta, E.L.M., Teixeira Neto, F.J., Sá, P.A. et al. (2011). Comparative study between atropine and hyoscine‐N‐butylbromide for reversal of detomidine induced bradycardia in horses: Hyoscine and atropine in horses. Equine Vet. J. 43 (3): 332–340.

      7 7 Perotta, J.H., Canola, P.A., and Lopes, M.C. (2002). Hyoscine‐N‐butylbromide premedication on cardiovascular variables of horses sedated with medetomidine. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. 41 (4): 357–364.

      8 8 Pignaton, W., Luna, S.P.L., Teixeira Neto, F.J., et al. (2016). Methadone increases and prolongs detomidine‐induced arterial hypertension in horses, but these effects are not mediated by increased plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin or serum concentrations of catecholamines. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 37: 39–45.

      9 9 Guedes, A.G., Rudé, E.P., and Rider, M.A. (2006). Evaluation of histamine release during constant rate infusion of morphine in dogs. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. 33 (1): 28–35.

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      12 12 Mircica, E., Clutton, R.E., Kyles, K.W. et al. (2003). Problems associated with perioperative morphine in horses: a retrospective case analysis. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. 30 (3):147–155.

      13 13 Clutton, R.E. (1987). Unexpected responses following intravenous pethidine injection in two horses. Equine Vet. J. 19 (1): 72–73.

      14 14 Santos, M. (2003). Garcia‐Iturralde, P., Herran, R. et al. Effects of alpha‐2 adrenoceptor agonists during recovery from isoflurane anaesthesia in horses. Equine Vet. J. 35 (2): 170–175.

      15 15 Woodhouse, K.J., Brosnan, R.J., Nguyen, K.Q. et al. (2013). Effects of postanesthetic sedation with romifidine or xylazine on quality of recovery from isoflurane anesthesia in horses. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 242 (4): 533–539.

      16 16 Senior, J.M., Pinchbeck G.L., Allister, R. et al. (2007) Reported morbidities following 861 anaesthetics given at four equine hospitals. Vet. Rec. 160 (12): 407–408.

      17 17 Wakuno, A., Aoki, M., Kushiro, A. et al. (2017). Comparison of alfaxalone, ketamine and thiopental for anaesthetic induction and recovery in Thoroughbred horses premedicated with medetomidine and midazolam. Equine Vet. J. 49 (1): 94–98.

      18 18 Young, L.E., Bartram, D.H., Diamond, M.J. et al. (1993). Clinical evaluation of an infusion of xylazine, guaifenesin and ketamine for maintenance of anaesthesia in horses. Equine Vet. J. 25 (2): 115–119.

      19 19 Bettschart‐Wolfensberger, R. and Larenza, M.P. (2007). Balanced anesthesia in the equine. Clin. Tech. Equine Pract. 6 (2): 104–110.

      20 20 Larenza, M.P., Kutter, A.P.N., Kummer, M. et al. (2009). Evaluation of anesthesia recovery quality after low‐dose racemic or S‐ketamine infusions during anesthesia with isoflurane in horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 70 (6): 710–718.

      21 21 Meyer, G.A., Lin, H.C., Hanson, R.R. et al. (2001). Effects of intravenous lidocaine overdose on cardiac electrical activity and blood pressure in the horse. Equine Vet. J. 33 (5): 434–437.

      22 22 Dzikiti, T.B., Hellebrekers, L.J., and Dijk, P. (2003). Effects of intravenous lidocaine on isoflurane concentration, physiological parameters, metabolic parameters and stress‐related hormones in horses undergoing surgery. J. Vet. Med. Ser. A. 50 (4): 190–195.

      23 23 Murrell, J.C., White, K.L., Johnson, C.B. et al. (2005). Investigation of the EEG effects of intravenous lidocaine during halothane anaesthesia in ponies. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. 32 (4): 212–221.

      24 24 Valverde, A., Gunkelt, C., Doherty, T.J. et al. (2005). Effect of a constant rate infusion of lidocaine on the quality of recovery from sevoflurane or isoflurane general anaesthesia in horses. Equine Vet. J. 37 (6): 559–564.

      25 25 Valverde, A., Rickey, E., Sinclair, M. et al. (2010). Comparison of cardiovascular function and quality of recovery in isoflurane‐anaesthetised horses administered a constant rate infusion of lidocaine or lidocaine and medetomidine during elective surgery. Equine Vet. J. 42 (3): 192–199.

      26 26 Engelking, L.R., Blyden, G.T., Lofstedt, J. et al. (1987). Pharmacokinetics of antipyrine, acetaminophen and lidocaine in fed and fasted horses. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 10 (1): 73–82.

      27 27 Mama, K.R., Pascoe, P.J., and Steffey, E.P. Evaluation of the interaction of Mu and Kappa opioid agonists on locomotor behavior in the horse. Can. J. Vet. Res. 57 (2): 106–109.

      28 28 Nolan, A.M., Besley, W., Reid, J. et al. (1994). The effects of butorphanol on locomotor activity in ponies: a preliminary study. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 17 (4): 323–326.

      29 29 Fielding, C.L., Brumbaugh, G.W., Matthews, N.S. et al. (2006). Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of a subanesthetic continuous rate infusion of ketamine in awake horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 67 (9): 1484–1490.

      30 30 Clutton, R.E. (2010). Opioid analgesia in horses. Vet. Clin. N. Am. Equine Pract. 26 (3): 493–514.

      31 31 Combie, J., Shults, T., Nugent, E.C. et al. (1981). Pharmacology of narcotic analgesics in the horse: selective blockade of narcotic‐induced locomotor activity. Am. J. Vet. Res. 42 (5): 716–721.

      32 32 Taylor, P.M., Hoare, H.R., de Vries, A. et al. (2016). A multicentre, prospective, randomised, blinded clinical trial to compare some perioperative effects of buprenorphine or butorphanol premedication before equine elective general anaesthesia and surgery. Equine Vet. J. 48 (4): 442–450.

      33 33 Zadori, Z., Shujaa, N., Fulop, K. et al. (2007). Pre‐ and postsynaptic mechanisms in the clonidine‐ and oxymetazoline‐induced inhibition of gastric motility in the rat. Neurochem. Int. 51 (5): 297–305.

      34 34 Rutkowski, J.A., Eades, S.C., and Moore, J.N. (1991). Effects of xylazine butorphanol on cecal arterial blood flow, cecal mechanical activity, and systemic hemodynamics in horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 52 (7): 1153–1158.

      35 35 Lassen, K., Soop, M., Nygren, J. et al. (2009).Consensus review of optimal perioperative care in colorectal surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Group recommendations. Arch. Surg. Chic. Ill. 144 (10): 961–969.

      36 36 Wang, S., Shah, N., Philip, J. et al. (2012). Role of alvimopan (entereg) in gastrointestinal recovery and hospital length of stay after bowel resection. P T Peer‐Rev J. Formul. Manag. 37 (9): 518–525.

      37 37 Boscan, P., Van Hoogmoed,

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