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They do all this whilst also forming worldwide societies and online forums to share useful information and to support each other.

      The authors of this book have pooled skills from a

       range of professions: we come from mental health and

       edu­cation backgrounds, with expertise

       in communicating complicated

       ideas in simple language and

       pictures. Listening to young

       people with these difficulties

       and their parents inspired us to

       write this book. Parents and other

       professionals told us that our earlier

       publication, My Autism Book: A Child’s Guide

       to their Autism Spectrum Disorder, was useful

       for the more ‘classic’ presentation of

       Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) but

       didn’t capture PDA characteristics. Parents wanted a book written for children and young people with the difficulties associated with PDA, a book that their child could own, to be used as a platform to explore their very unique set of challenges and difficulties within ASD and the concrete ways to manage their difficulties that work for them. We also listened to young people asking questions about the differences that they had noted when comparing themselves to others their age and felt that they didn’t ‘fit in with their peers’. Answering these questions in a way that makes sense to the young person can indeed be difficult. Our book wants to support the process of gradually creating self-awareness in the young person as it gently invites them to address these complicated but key questions in a clear and sensitive manner. It also aims to develop, in collaboration with your child, a repertoire of tailor-made problem-solving strategies and to provide a shared language that can be used by you and your child to communicate about PDA.

      Although this process is a long one and very likely to be filled with plenty of bumps, the goal is clear: for your child to gain a better understanding of themselves, of their talents and limitations, as they mature into adulthood. In our experience, the benefits of this process will compensate for the challenges by a huge margin. Nothing could be more worthwhile!

      Making better sense of themselves can help your child to improve their self-esteem as they realise that they are not alone in their struggles; they become aware of strengths that can then be fostered leading them to forge a more positive conception of themselves. It will also guide the search for better ways to manage their difficulties and problematic behaviours. In the long term, it will help them to make the right choices for the future. When you, or other trusted people involved in your child’s life, think they are ready for these conversations, we hope this book could be a good starting point, and a way to keep these important conversations going.

      With every good wish on your journey,

      Glòria and Tamar

      What does PDA mean?

      You may have noticed that there are some differences between you and others. You might feel, especially on those days when nothing goes your way, that you struggle with things that others seem to be able to do more easily. You may wonder why other kids around you seem to just get on with other people and other things.

      A psychologist named Elizabeth Newson gave a name to describe the particular set of strengths and difficulties that young people like you have in common: Pathological Demand Avoidance, or PDA for short. Nowadays PDA is also referred to as Extreme Demand Avoidance.

      We could explain it by saying that your

       brain is wired in a different way from that

       of most people. However, there are lots

       of other people whose brain is wired

       in a similar way to

       yours. It is not

       useful to compare

       people’s brains as

       everyone’s brain is

       unique. Your brain

       is not better or worse

       than any other’s.

      Why bother with this book?

      Our brain will be with us for life: we can’t get a different brain from the one we were born with, so it’s wise for all of us to learn how to make the most of our own brain. A good way to do this is to learn as much as possible about yourself. This is the aim of this book: to help you to understand yourself better. Understanding how PDA affects you is an important part of this process.

      We have given our best to this book to help you with such an important and worthy task. We would like you to think of our book as a tool. A tool to help make better sense of yourself so you can find ways to help yourself to pursue your dreams and ultimately lead a happy and wonderful life.

      In the next pages, the book invites you to do lots of things: to find out about your strengths and difficulties, to look for ways to foster your strengths and to develop strategies to manage your difficulties in a way that works for you. It would be great if you decide to share your findings with the most important people in your life so you can get the help and support you need. It is

       very important that the

       grown-ups caring

       for you know

       how they can

       make things

       better for

       you.

      At the end of the book, there will be a few pages dedicated to summarising the difficulties you have identified and the strategies that you have found that are helpful. Your parents and those caring for you may want to photocopy these summary pages so everyone can access them easily and keep them in mind. There will also be space to tell us, if you wish to do so, about any other difficulties and strategies that have not been included here.

      Autism Spectrum Disorder and PDA

      Before PDA was described, many strengths and differences were grouped together under one name: Autism Spectrum Disorder, or ASD for short. You share the main characteristics of ASD as well as sharing the main characteristics of PDA. So you have a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder with these other features which can be called PDA.

      What PDA is not

      PDA is not your fault or your family’s

       fault. It is not anyone’s fault. Each

       person’s brain is different: some

       people are better at

       some things than others

       are and some people

      find some things much more difficult than others do. People with PDA did not choose to find some things difficult.

      PDA is not an illness. You must not worry about PDA making you physically unwell. It will not go away but it will not hurt you. It will become easier with time as you learn how to deal with the difficulties and make the most of your many strengths. It’s good to remember that PDA certainly does not prevent you from having a wonderful and meaningful life!

      Your PDA does NOT define you

      On a very bad day you may feel that your PDA is the whole world, everything you can see and feel. You might think it is all that you are, and

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