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      The content presented in the Anti-Aging Therapeutics, volume 16 is for educational purposes only and is specifically designed for those with a health, medical, or biotechnological education or professional experience. Anti-Aging Therapeutics, volume 16 does not prevent, diagnose, treat or cure disease or illness.

      While potentially therapeutic pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals (dietary supplementation) and interventive therapies are described in the A4M's Anti-Aging Therapeutics, volume 16, this work serves the sole purpose of functioning as an informational resource. Under no circumstances is the reader to construe endorsement by A4M of any specific companies or products. Quite to the contrary, Caveat Emptor. It is the reader's responsibility to investigate the product, the vendor, and the product information.

      Dosing of nutraceuticals can be highly variable. Proper dosing is based on parameters including sex, age, and whether the patient is well or ill (and, if ill, whether it is a chronic or acute situation). Additionally, efficiency of absorption of a particular type of product and the quality of its individual ingredients are two major considerations for choosing appropriate specific agents for an individual's medical situation.

      Furthermore, anyone with malignancy should consult their physician or oncologist prior to beginning, or continuing, any hormone therapy program.

      Finally, please be mindful that just because a product is natural doesn't mean it's safe for everyone. A small portion of the general population may react adversely to components in nutraceuticals (especially herbal products). A complete inventory of interventions utilized by a patient should be maintained by physicians and health practitioners dispensing anti-aging medical care.

      Anti-Aging Therapeutics, volume 16 is, again, designed for those with a health, medical, or biotechnological education or professional experience. It is not intended to provide medical advice, and is not to be used as a substitute for advice from a physician or health practitioner. If you are a consumer interested in any of the approaches discussed in these chapters, it is absolutely essential that you have a thorough discussion with your physician to understand all benefits and risks.

      For those individuals interested in the diagnostics and/or therapies described by chapter authors of Anti-Aging Therapeutics, volume 16, A4M urges that you consult a knowledgeable physician or health practitioner, preferably one who has been Board Certified in Anti-Aging Medicine. You may find one by utilizing the Anti-Aging Directory at www.a4m.com.

      Anti-Aging Therapeutics volume 16

      Copyright © 2015. American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine.

      1510 West Montana Street; Chicago IL 60614 USA.

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      Chapter 1

      Developments in Human Longevity: A State-of-the-Specialty Report

      Ronald Klatz, M.D., D.O., President

      Robert Goldman, M.D., Ph.D., D.O., FAASP, Chairman

      The American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine (A4M; www.worldhealth.net)

      Introduction

      Thousands of physicians and practitioners in private medical offices, as well as at some of the most prestigious teaching hospitals around the world, now embrace the anti-aging medical model. Undeniably, anti-aging medicine is achieving demonstrable and objective results that beneficially impact the degenerative diseases of aging. Anti-aging medicine is transforming healthcare, one practice at a time.

      Demographics of Aging

      As of this writing, Monaco leads the world in life expectancy at-birth, standing at 89.57 years. Macau follows at 84.48 years, then Japan at 84.46 years, Singapore at 84.38 years, and San Marino rounds out the top-five at 83.18 years.¹

      A number of nations report sharply rising life expectancy data:

      •The United States Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) reports² that the average life expectancy in the US rose to 78.8 years in 2012. The age-adjusted death rate for Americans decreased 1.1%, as seniors’ life expectancy rose to stand at an additional 19.3 years. Women age 65 and older in 2012 can expect to live another 20.5 years, while men may get around an additional 18 years. The CDC Data Brief attributes the increased life expectancy to an overall greater awareness and implementation of healthy lifestyles.

      •The United Kingdom’s Office for National Statistics reports³ that as many as two-thirds of the babies born in the UK in 2012 will celebrate their100th birthday. And by 2037, most British children will routinely live until nearly 100 years of age.

      •The lifespan for Swedish women⁴ has risen 15 minutes each hour since 1840. While a Swedish female born in 1840 lived to be just 45 years, a girl born in 2013 will live to an average of 84 years – a gain of 40 years in six generations.

      Researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (Germany) report⁵ that: “Life expectancy is increasing in most countries and has exceeded 80 in several, as low-mortality nations continue to make progress in averting deaths.” Observing a sharp decline in early mortality in the past four generations that points to “the bulk of this mortality reduction has occurred since 1900,” the study authors cite improvements in clean water, shelter, food, and medicine as primary factors in the life expectancy gains. The study authors note that: “This observed plasticity in age-specific risk of death is at odds with conventional theories of aging.”

      The Anti-Aging Medical Model

      The goal of anti-aging medicine is not to merely prolong the total years of an individual's life, but to ensure that those years are enjoyed in a productive and vital fashion. The clinical specialty of anti-aging

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