LITMIR.BIZ

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      The bottle-pitcher…the guide vessel of Hissar IIIB, appears…for the first time. Other new vessel types are the brazier…and the Hissar III painted cup of surviving type.…Cups and goblets of…Hissar II…surviving painted ware are also found as late as Hissar IIIA (ibid., p. 307)

      Furthermore, while wheelmarks are usually well pronounced on Hissar II ware, by far the greater part of the Hissar III pottery appears to be made by hand, a puzzling fact. (ibid.)

      L. Survey

      No survey work at Tepe Hissar is reported for the 1932 season.

      M. The 1932 Stratigraphic Sequence

      The evidence for the stratigraphic sequence at Tepe Hissar is summarized for 1932 in the 1937 publication (Schmidt 1937: figs. 18 and 19. These cross-sections, north-south and east-west, show the relative depths of the different periods in the various excavated squares. The controlling sequence is in the Main Mound, square DF09, which extends from the surface to below Building 1. The base of the sequence extends a short way, about 1.5 meters, into the top of the earlier painted pottery mound. Slightly less than 2 m above this lies the Period II deposit. At the top is the Period III deposit, about 4 m thick, making a total of about 7.5 m. The projected base of the Period I mound below this column lies a further 2.5 m down, making a sum total of 10 m. At this point, the Period I mound is at its highest, and it is quite possible that its lower core contains an even earlier deposit.

      It is notable that no level containing straw-tempered ware was identified, nor was such pottery mentioned at the site, although we now know that it occurs in the period preceding Hissar I at Sang-i Chakhmaq near Shahrud (Dyson 1991). A single sherd of this ware was recovered in 1976 from lot #3 in the deep test on the North Flat in CF57 with sherds of Hissar IC/IIA type (Dyson and Remsen 1989:106), suggesting a possible source lower down.

      Period I remains on the cross-section were also reached in the following squares: DF89 (South Hill), CF57 (North Flat), CG25, CG95 (CG Depression), DG96-EH06 (Treasure Hill), and DH43-44 (Painted Pottery Flat).

      Period III remains are indicated on the cross-section above Period II levels in: DF79 and DF89 (South Hill), CF42 and CF57 (North Flat), CG95 (CG Depression), CH95-97, DG60, (Treasure Hill), EG06 (Painted Pottery Flat).

      Other squares reached these periods as shown on the plans of excavated individual periods:

      Period I—DG36, DG96-EG06, DG69, DH21, DH34-36, DH43-46, DH73, EG13 (all from Painted Pottery Flat).

      Period II—the same squares as in Period I; DG51, 53, DG60-61, DF78-79-DG70, DF88-89-DG80 (South Hill); CF42, 37, 57 (North Flat); CG25, 95 (CG Depression); CG79-89-99 (Red Hill), CH95-DH05-DH15 (Treasure Hill) (see maps above).

      N. South Hill (SH)

      The South Hill location includes Building 4 (Sections 15–18), DG60-61 (Schmidt 1937:107, figs. 62, 63) from building Level 2, Period IIB (ibid., p. 106, fig. 63).

      It is possible that this structure was actually constructed during the intermediate Hissar II-III phase, namely Hissar IIIA, as some of the vessels found on the floor of Room 15 have definite Hissar II forms…during the transitional phase some stemmed Hissar II pots still occur.…The fireplace (a) is a square elevation with a shallow [round] depression in the center…it is oriented diagonally to the direction of the walls.…The walls and the floors…show the effect of conflagration, but one wall (15b) has no markings of fire and must have been added later, suggesting that the building was at least partly re-used after its destruction. (Schmidt 1937:107)

      n.b. Schmidt assigns Building 4 from the South Hill to Period III, however, its stratigraphic position and some of its architectural features are comparable to those of Building 2 on the Main Mound, which dates to Period II in the new chronology.

      O. Main Mound Buildings

      O.1 Building 1 (Sections 1–7,⁵ Fig. 1.9)

      Information on this structure comes from DF09 (Schmidt 1937: 156, figs. 84, 86). Schmidt assigns Building 1 Level 2 to Period IIIB⁶ (ibid., p. 156, fig. 86, no sections marked). “The main livingroom [S1]…apparently the kitchen…is enclosed by mud-plastered walls. The plaster, 15 [cm] in average thickness, consists of many coats, suggesting a rather long occupation of the room. The hearth [d], against the northeast wall] has three rectangular cooking holes; two are on one level, while the third is attached in front of and somewhat below the others [see below]. A doorway at the north corner opens into a narrow room with problematical outlet. A neatly wrought niche, 50 [cm] high, 27 [cm] broad and 19 [cm] deep, is at the side of this doorway. Mud-plastered walls enclose the small divisions of this building” (ibid., p. 155).

      The revised archival plan gives the section numbers, which do not occur on figs. 84 and 86 of Schmidt (1937). The plan shows a central room (S1) more or less square that appears to be built against the north wall of Building 2 with no connecting door indicated. This room is about 4 x 4.5 meters square (Schmidt gives no measurements; these must be estimated from the plans). The room is overlain by a curved wall of Building Level 1 (see Schmidt 1933: pl. CXII in DF09 center left and in DF09, figs. 84 and 86). A doorway (1E) leads from Room 1 north to Room 3, a long narrow room about 1 meter wide and 2.5 meters long with no outlet. To the left of this door in Room 1 is a short (70 cm) screen-wall (1D) only 10 cm wide. Against the northeast wall, clearly drawn on the archival plan and on fig. 84, is a raised hearth (1B) with two rectangular openings. In front of these, on the floor, is a third chamber formed by two bricks, one on each side, set against the front of the double hearth. To the left of Room 3 are two sides of a projected Room (2). On the northeast side of Room 3 lies the south end of a space designated as Room 7. South of this room, east of Room 1, is a second room divided on the archival plan into three parts: S4–6. S4 and 6 are separated by a wall about 30 cm wide (ibid.), which appears to abut the main outside walls at either end. It is either a secondary addition or is at a lower level. The wall separating S4 and S5 is similarly unclear. On the plan the southwest wall of Room 1 has a doorway indicated at its north end, probably the main entrance (Schmidt 1937: fig. 84; see also the revised archival plan, Fig. 1.9).

Fig. 1.8 Map of Tepe Hissar’s Main Mound showing the grid system for identifying squares along with locations of burials (after Schmidt 1937: fig.84).

Fig. 1.9 Schmidt’s (1933) revised archival plan of Main Mound Buildings 1 and 2; Building 3, partially excavated (original plan inset).

      Unmentioned by Schmidt but documented by a field photograph below (Penn Museum Neg. 83727), is a double row of “crescent-shaped” niches located on the west end of the northwest wall of the main room (S1) (Fig. 1.10). This is the same feature found in Building 3 (see below, Ch. 2).

      O.2 Building 2 (Sections 9–12)

      Information for this structure can be found in DF09-19-DG00–10 (Schmidt 1937:156, figs. 84, 86) and the revised archival plan (Fig. 1.9). Schmidt assigns Building 2 to Hissar IIIB (ibid., p. 156, fig. 86). “It is difficult to say whether Building 2 formed a separate construction or whether it was combined with one or both of the other buildings” [1 and 3] (ibid., p. 156). Building 3 is too far away beyond intervening structures to be part of Building 2 (see Fig. 2.11). The south wall of Building 1 is continuous and provides no access to Building 2, which is built against it (see Fig. 1.9 and Schmidt 1937: fig. 84).

Fig. 1.10 A field photograph showing a double row of “crescent-shaped” niches located on the west end of

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