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REACH Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals RF radiofrequency R_f retardation factor RF radiofrequency RfD reference dose RG remediation goals RIGHTTRAC Revolutionary Insensitive, Green and Healthier Training Technology with Reduced Adverse Contamination RMGB Risk Management Governance Board RMS root mean square RP-HPLC reversed-phase HPLC RSL risk based screening levels RTA range training area RTAOC range and training area operations course RTAs range and training areas S/S solidification/stabilisation SAE sonicated assisted extractions Sb antimony SCJ shaped charge jet SCO slow cook-off SD sympathetic detonation SE Soxhlet extraction SEM scanning electron microscope SERDP Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program SFE supercritical fluid extraction SPE solid phase extraction SPME solid phase micro-extraction SPR source-pathway-receptor SQC sample quality criteria STEL short term exposure limits SUMATECS sustainable management for trace elements contaminated soils SVOC semi-volatile organic compounds TATB 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene TCLP toxicity characteristic leaching procedure TDP Technology Demonstration Program Tetryl N-methyl-N-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)nitramide TLC thin layer chromatography TLV threshold limit values TNT 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene TNT 1,2,4-trinitrotoluene TNX hexahydro-1,3,5-nitroso-1,3,5-triazine ToF time of flight TOS theory of sampling UPLC ultra-high performance liquid chromatography US EAP U.S. Environmental Protection Agency US EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency UTLC ultra-thin-layer chromatography UV ultra violet UXO unexploded ordnance VCCT variable confinement cook-off test VOC volatile organic compound VUV vacuum ultra violet WCL Webster clay loam WHS workplace health and safety XRF X-ray fluorescence YTA Yukon Training Area ZVI zero valent iron

Introduction: a global approach to environmental management on military training ranges

       Melissa K Ladyman and Tracey J Temple

      The main purpose of this book is to collate examples of environmental management from military live-fire training ranges to demonstrate that environmental best practice is compatible with operational activities. The book is divided into four sections; the first provides background information that will help the reader to understand the scientific principles behind environmental management. The second comprises methodologies for the environmental risk assessment of explosives and munitions. The third collates case studies and innovative management techniques that have been applied to reduce remediation costs, enhance public perception and promote environmental best practice. The final section considers the design of ‘greener or insensitive munitions’ to reduce environmental impact.

      Clear examples of how to identify soil and groundwater contamination from explosive activities have been brought together in this book. It outlines identification, monitoring and mitigation methodologies that prevent adverse environmental impact on military training ranges. It is the first time that examples of practical experiences from global perspectives have been brought together in one comprehensive volume. Historically this information has been inaccessible where it has been held in closed forums, published in different languages or restricted.

      This book has been written for a non-technical audience, making it particularly beneficial to all those with a responsibility for environmental management of military training ranges and who are required to ensure sustainable long-term training capability.

      The aim of this introduction is to summarise environmental management in the military context. It also outlines the chapter content by linking core concepts to the relevant individual chapters.

       Introduction to environmental management

      Environmental management is the process of managing, mitigating and preventing environmental impact from an organisations’ activities (ISO14001). Since the middle of the 19th century there

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