On the Philosophy of Discovery, Chapters Historical and Critical - William Whewell

Скачать книгу

Aristotle, did not descend from this line, but were Ionics and true Greeks, of whom the first was Thales Milesius.... Socrates, according to Augustine in his 8th book, is related to have been a disciple of Archelaus. This Socrates is called the father of the great philosophers, since he was the master of Plato and Aristotle, from whom all the sects of philosophers descended.... Plato, first learning what Socrates and Greece could teach, made a laborious voyage to Egypt, to Archytas of Tarentum and Timæus, as says Jerome to Paulinus. And this Plato is, according to holy men, preferred to all philosophers, because he has written many excellent things concerning God, and morality, and a future life, which agree with the divine wisdom of God. And Aristotle was born before the death of Socrates, since he was his hearer for three years, as we read in the life of Aristotle.... This Aristotle, being made the master of Alexander the Great, sent two thousand men into all regions of the earth, to search out the nature of things, as Pliny relates in the 8th book of his Naturalia, and composed a thousand books, as we read in his life."

68

Ibid. p. 36.

69

Autonomaticè.

70

Op. Maj. p. 46.

71

See Pref. to Jebb's edition. The passages, there quoted, however, are not extracts from the Opus Majus, but (apparently) from the Opus Minus (MS. Cott. Tib. c. 5.) "Si haberem potestatem supra libros Aristotelis, ego facerem omnes cremari; quia non est nisi temporis amissio studere in illis, et causa erroris, et multiplicatio ignorantiæ ultra id quod valeat explicari.... Vulgus studentum cum capitibus suis non habet unde excitetur ad aliquid dignum, et ideo languet et asininat circa male translata, et tempus et studium amittit in omnibus et expensas."

72

Part ii.

73

Parts iv. v. and vi.

74

Op. Maj. p. 476.

75

Op. Maj. p. 15.

76

Ibid. p. 445, see also p. 448. "Scientiæ aliæ sciunt sua principia invenire per experimenta, sed conclusiones per argumenta facta ex principiis inventis. Si vero debeant habere experientiam conclusionum suarum particularem et completam, tunc oportet quod habeant per adjutorium istius scientiæ nobilis (experimentalis)."

77

Op. Maj. p. 60.

78

Ibid. p. 64.

79

"Veritates magnificas in terminis aliarum scientiarum in quas per nullam viam possunt illæ scientiæ, hæc sola scientiarum domina speculativarum, potest dare." Op. Maj. p. 465.

80

One of the ingredients of a preparation here mentioned, is the flesh of a dragon, which it appears is used as food by the Ethiopians. The mode of preparing this food cannot fail to amuse the reader. "Where there are good flying dragons, by the art which they possess, they draw them out of their dens, and have bridles and saddles in readiness, and they ride upon them, and make them bound about in the air in a violent manner, that the hardness and toughness of the flesh may be reduced, as boars are hunted and bulls are baited before they are killed for eating." Op. Maj. p. 470.

81

Op. Maj. p. 473.

82

Quoted by Jebb, Pref. to Op. Maj.

83

Mosheim, Hist. iii. 161.

84

Op. Maj. p. 57.

85

Mosheim, iii. 161.

86

Gratian published the Decretals in the twelfth century; and the Canon and Civil Law became a regular study in the universities soon afterwards.

87

Tenneman, ix. 4.

88

Tenneman, ix. 25.

89

"Jam nobis manifestum est terram istam in veritate moveri," &c.—De Doctâ Ignorantiâ, lib. ii. c. xii.

90

De Doct. Ignor. lib. i. c. i.

91

De Conjecturis, lib. i. c. iii. iv.

92

Born in 1433.

93

Born 1529, died 1597.

94

Aristoteles Exotericus, p. 50.

95

Tiraboschi, t. vii. pt. ii. p. 411.

96

"Franciscus Patricius, novam veram integram de universis conditurus philosophiam, sequentia uti verissima prænuntiare est ausus. Prænunciata ordine persecutus, divinis oraculis, geometricis rationibus, clarissimisque experimentis comprobavit.

Ante primum nihil,Post primum omnia,A principio omnia," &c.

His other works are Panaugia, Pancosmia, Dissertations Peripateticæ.

97

Tiraboschi, t. vii. pt. ii. p. 411.

98

Dissert. Perip. t. ii. lib. v. sub fin.

99

Tenneman, ix. 148.

100

Tenneman, ix. 167.

101

Ibid. 158.

102

Agrippa, De Occult. Phil. lib. i. c. l.

103

Written in 1526.

104

Philip Aurelius Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim, also called Paracelsus Eremita, born at Einsiedlen in Switzerland, in 1493.

105

Hist. Sc. Id. b. ix. c. 2. sect. 1. The Mystical School of Biology.

106

Tenneman, ix. 221.

107

Tenneman, ix. 265.

108

Bernardini Telesii Consentini De Rerum Natura juxta propria Principia.

109

I take this account from Tenneman: this Proem was omitted in subsequent editions of Telesius, and is not in the one which I have consulted. Tenneman, Gesch. d. Phil. ix. 280.

110

Proem.

111

"De Principiis atque Originibus secundum fabulas Cupidinis et Cœli: sive Parmenidis et Telesii et præcipuè Democriti Philosophia tractata in Fabula de Cupidine."

112

"Talia sunt qualia possunt esse ea quæ ab intellectu sibi permisso, nec ab experimentis continenter et gradatim sublevato, profecta videntur."

113

Thom. Campanella de Libris propriis, as quoted in Tenneman, ix. 291.

114

Economisti Italiani, t. i. p. xxxiii.

115

Tenneman, ix. 305.

116

Hist. Ind. Sc. b. xvi. c. iii. sect. 2.

117

Ibid. b. xvii. c. ii. sect. 1.

118

Quæst. Peripat. i. 1.

119

Tenneman, ix. 108.

120

Hist. Ind. Sc. b. v. c. iii. sect. 2.

121

Tenneman, ix. 420. "Quæcunque ab Aristotele dicta essent commenticia esse." Freigius, Vita Petri Rami, p. 10.

122

Rami, Animadv. Aristot. i. iv.

Скачать книгу