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точки зрения фокуса в мире описываемых событий, но вне любого персонажа». См. Gerald Prince, Narratology: the form and functioning of narrative, Janua linguarum Series maior (Berlin; New York: Mouton, 1982), 123.

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      Genette, Narrative Discourse, 189.

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      Genette, Revisited, 74.

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      Scholes, Phelan, and Kellogg, Nature, 318.

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      Scholes, Phelan, and Kellogg, Nature, 318.

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      Monika Fludernik, An introduction to narratology (London; New York: Routledge, 2009), 38.

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      G. Eliot and G. Maertz, Middlemarch: A Study of Provincial Life (Broadview Press, 2004), 242, quoted in Scholes, Phelan, and Kellogg, Nature, 318.

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      James A. Michener, Hawaii (London: Secker and Warburg, 1976), 9 quoted in Jahn, “Focalization,” 97.

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      Jahn, “Focalization,” 98.

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      Genette, Narrative Discourse, 193.

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      Henry James, The Ambassadors (London and New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1903), 26.

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      James Joys, A portrait of the artist as a young may (New York: B. W. Huebsch, 1916), quoted in Rimmon-Kenan, Narrative Fiction, 74.

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      Abbott, Cambridge Introduction to Narrative, 66–67.

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      Genette, Revisited, 64.

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      Ernest Hemingway, For Whom the Bell Tolls (New York: Scribner’s, 1943), 6, quoted in Jahn, “Focalization,” 98.

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      Genette, Revisited, 64.

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      Stendhal, The red and the black: a chronicle of the nineteenth century, trans. Catherine Slater, World’s classics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991), 30.

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      Genette, Narrative Discourse, 190.

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      Genette, Narrative Discourse, 190.

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      Jahn, “Focalization,” 98.

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      Ernest Hemingway, The Killers, The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway (New York: Scribner’s, 1987), 215, quoted in Jahn, “Focalization,” 98–99.

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      Genette, Narrative Discourse, 191.

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      Genette, Narrative Discourse, 192.

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      Stendhal, Charterhouse of Parma, quoted in Genette, Narrative Discourse, 192.

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      Stendhal, Charterhouse of Parma, цитируется в Genette, Narrative Discourse, 192–193.

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      Adele Berlin, Poetics and Interpretation of Biblical Narrative (Sheffield: Almond, 1983), 91.

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      Здесь использован новый перевод книги Верна, поскольку при традиционном переводе теряется смысл сцены. См. Jules Verne and William Butcher, Around the world in eighty days: the extraordinary journeys (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995).

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      Там же.

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      См., например, Jan Christoph Meister and Jörg Shcönery, “The DNS of Mediacy,” in Point of View, Perspective, and Focalization: Modeling Mediation in Narrative, ed. Peter Hühn, Wolf Schmid, and Jörg Schönert (Berlin; New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2009).

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