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REACTIONS AND PHOTOREDOX CATALYSIS 8 ASYMMETRIC VISIBLE‐LIGHT PHOTOREDOX CATALYSIS 8.1. INTRODUCTION 8.2. DUAL CATALYSIS APPROACH 8.3. SINGLE BIFUNCTIONAL CATALYST APPROACH 8.4. CONCLUSION REFERENCES 9 ASYMMETRIC PHOTOREDOX REACTIONS WITHOUT PHOTOCATALYSTS 9.1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 9.2 PHOTOEXCITATION OF ORGANOCATALYTIC INTERMEDIATES 9.3 PHOTOEXCITATION OF METAL‐BASED INTERMEDIATES 9.4 PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND BIOCATALYSIS 9.5 METHODS BASED ON THE DIRECT EXCITATION OF SUBSTRATES 9.6 CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 10 ENANTIOSELECTIVE PHOTOCHEMICAL [2+2] CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS 10.1. INTRODUCTION 10.2. CHIRAL ORGANOCATALYSTS 10.3. CHIRAL METAL CATALYSTS 10.4. DUAL CATALYSIS 10.5. CHIRAL METAL‐ORGANIC CAGES 10.6. CONCLUDING REMARKS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES

      9  PART III: ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS THROUGH C–H BOND ACTIVATION 11 ASYMMETRIC C–H FUNCTIONALIZATION OF C(sp²)–H BOND 11.1. INTRODUCTION 11.2. PALLADIUM CATALYSIS 11.3. RHODIUM CATALYSIS 11.4. IRIDIUM CATALYSIS 11.5. RUTHENIUM CATALYSIS 11.6. SCANDIUM CATALYSIS 11.7. NICKEL CATALYSIS 11.8. COBALT CATALYSIS 11.9. COPPER CATALYSIS 11.10. IRON CATALYSIS 11.11. CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 12 ASYMMETRIC C–H FUNCTIONALIZATION OF C(sp³)–H BOND 12.1. INTRODUCTION 12.2. C(sp³)–H BOND INSERTION BY METAL CARBENOIDS AND METAL NITRENOIDS 12.3. CONCERTED METALATION‐DEPROTONATION FOR ASYMMETRIC C(sp³)–H ACTIVATION 12.4. C(sp³)–H ACTIVATION VIA OXIDATIVE ADDITION MECHANISM 12.5. CONCLUSION REFERENCES

      10  PART IV: ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS THROUGH CARBON–HALOGEN BOND FORMATION AND ENZYME CATALYSIS 13 ASYMMETRIC CARBON–HALOGEN BOND FORMING REACTIONS (EXCLUDING C–H ACTIVATION PROCESSES) 13.1. INTRODUCTION 13.2. ASYMMETRIC C–F BOND FORMATION WITH METAL CATALYSTS 13.3. ASYMMETRIC C–F BOND FORMING REACTIONS USING CHIRAL PHASE TRANSFER CATALYSIS 13.4. ASYMMETRIC ORGANOCATALYTIC FORMATION OF C–F BONDS 13.5. ASYMMETRIC FORMATION OF C–F BONDS VIA MISCELLANEOUS REACTIONS 13.6. ENANTIOSELECTIVE CHLORINATION 13.7. ENANTIOSELECTIVE BROMINATION 13.8. ASYMMETRIC CARBON–IODINE BOND FORMATION 13.9. CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES 14 ENZYME‐CATALYZED ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS 14.1. TYPES OF BIOCATALYZED PROCESSES 14.2. KINETIC RESOLUTION 14.3. DYNAMIC PROCESSES IN BIOCATALYZED ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS 14.4. DERACEMIZATIONS 14.5. PARALLEL KINETIC RESOLUTIONS 14.6. DESYMMETRIZATION 14.7. MULTI(CHEMO)ENZYMATIC REACTIONS 14.8. CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK REFERENCES

      11  PART V: ASYMMETRIC HYDROGENATION 15 ASYMMETRIC HYDROGENATION 15.1. INTRODUCTION 15.2. ASYMMETRIC

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