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MnO2@TiN//EACC devices.

      Source: Reproduced with permission [90]. © 2015, Wiley‐VCH.

      1.3.1.3 Transition Metal Nitride Anodes

Schematic illustrations of (a) the synthesis procedure of MnO2 NWs and Fe2O3 NTs on carbon cloth. (b) Schematic sketch illustrating the designed asymmetric supercapacitor device. (c) CV curves of the assembled solid-state AFSC device collected in different scan voltage windows. (d) Ragone plots of the solid-state AFSC device. Inset shows a blue LED powered by the tandem AFSC devices.

      Source: Reproduced with permission [54]. © 2014, American Chemical Society.

Schematic illustrations of (a) the fabrication processes of metal nitride cathode and anode materials. (b) Cycling performance of full device at 4 A g-1 in 20 000 cycles with different bending situations. (c) Ragone plots of quasi-solid-state TiN-Fe2N AFSC in comparison with other PVA-based solid electrolyte SFSCs and AFSCs. Inset: pink and white LEDs in parallel are lit up by two full devices in tandem.

      Source: Reproduced with permission [101]. © 2015, Wiley‐VCH.

      1.3.1.4 Conductive Polymer Anodes

      Conductive polymers are promising candidates as pseudocapacitive materials owing to their good conductivity and reversible redox reactions during charging/discharging, but they are mostly applied as cathode materials while rarely studied as anode materials for AFSCs. Recently, Wang et al. synthesized 150 WO3@PPy nanowires on carbon fibers as the anode and grew Co(OH)2 nanowires on carbon fabric as the cathode for AFSC device. The as‐fabricated AFSC device exhibited apparent pseudocapacitive behavior within a stable potential range of 0–1.6 V. The maximum volumetric capacitance of 2.8 F cm−3 was achieved at a scan rate of 20 mV s−1. Moreover, the asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device delivered an energy density as high as 1.03 mWh cm−3.

      1.3.2 Fiber‐Type ASCs

      Despite distinct advances, the planar‐shaped SCs are still insufficient in deformability for weaving into textiles or integrating into linear‐shaped electronics. In this regard, researchers have creatively assembled electrodes with one‐dimensional geometry to fabricate fiber‐type AFSCs. Fiber‐shaped AFSCs have been developed into multiple configurations including parallel type, wrap type, coaxial‐helix type and two‐ply yarn type, in order to effectively meet the demands of different wearable energy textiles, including sensing [102–104], communication [105], and storage [106].

      1.3.2.1 Parallel‐Type Fiber AFSCs

Schematic illustrations of (a) the design and fabrication of the asymmetric fiber-based micro-SC. (b) Comparative CV curves obtained for the GCF-N2 and GCF/MnO2-10 fibers at the scan rate of 10 mV s-1. (c) CV curves of one asymmetric micro-SC, which are bended at different angles.

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