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Conclusion References 10 OAM Multiplexing Using Uniform Circular Array and Microwave Circuit for Short‐range Communication 10.1 Introduction 10.2 OAM Multiplexing System and its Mechanism 10.3 OAM Multiplexing for Short‐range Communications 10.4 Conclusion and Key Challenges References 11 OAM Communications in Multipath Environments 11.1 Introduction 11.2 OAM Communication in Line‐of‐sight Environment 11.3 OAM Multiplexing in Multipath Environment 11.4 Conclusion References 12 High‐capacity Free‐space Optical Communications Using Multiplexing of Multiple OAM Beams 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Challenges for an OAM Multiplexing Free‐space Optical Communication System 12.3 Free‐space Optical OAM Links 12.4 Inter‐channel Crosstalk Mitigation Methods in OAM‐multiplexed FSO Communications 12.5 OAM Multiplexing for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Platforms 12.6 OAM Multiplexing in Underwater Environments 12.7 Summary of this Chapter Acknowledgment References

      12  Part IV: Multidisciplinary Explorations of Electromagnetic Vortices 13 Theory of Vector Beams for Chirality and Magnetism Detection of Subwavelength Particles 13.1 Characterization of Azimuthally and Radially Polarized Beams 13.2 Circular Dichroism for a Particle of Subwavelength Size 13.3 Photoinduced Force Microscopy at Nanoscale 13.4 Conclusion References 14 Quantum Applications of Structured Photons 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Photonic Degrees of Freedom 14.3 Single Photon Source: SPDC 14.4 Generation and Detection of Structured Photon Quantum States 14.5 Quantum Key Distribution 14.6 Quantum Simulation with Quantum Walks 14.7 Outlook References

      13  Index

      14 

IEEE PRESS SERIES ON ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE THEORY

      15  End User License Agreement

      List of Tables

      1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 OAM generation methods and fabricated prototypes.Table 1.2 Chronicle of milestones regarding OAM.

      2 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Characteristics of the linear and angular momenta.Similarities an...Table 2.2 OAM radio from near the M87* BH.Asymmetry parameterq vs. the rota...Table 2.A.1 Various vectorial products of the Riemann–Silberstein bivectorG

      3 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Optimal array radius.

      4 Chapter 11Table 11.1 Transferred power and crosstalk of each OAM channel [9].

      List of Illustrations

      1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Analogy between moving object’s and electromagnetic wave’s angula...Figure 1.2 Normalized aperture field intensity distributions versus ρ/w Figure 1.3 Normalized aperture field intensity line cuts of Laguerre–Gaussia...Figure 1.4 Comparison between conventional and OAM beams. A uniformly illumi...Figure 1.5 Far‐field wavefront of (a) Airy disk and (b, c) Laguerre–Gaussian...Figure 1.6 Normalized directivities of the Airy disk pattern with aperture d...Figure 1.7 Changes of amplitude pattern shape from the reactive near‐field t...Figure 1.8 OAM possible communication links: (a) OAM to the conventional ant...Figure 1.9 OAM communication challenges: (a) receiving with a perfectly alig...Figure 1.10 A schematic of multipath effects of an OAM channel caused by spe...Figure 1.11 A satellite‐based, geostationary navigation and guidance system ...Figure 1.12 OAM shift keying (OAM‐SK) modulation. OAM‐SK takes advantage of ...Figure 1.13 OAM division multiplexing (OAM‐DM) modulation. An independent da...Figure

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