Corrosion Policy Decision Making - Группа авторов

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and the search for understanding fundamentals and mechanisms of corrosion processes. In this context, innovation and how innovative research must be carried out is of fundamental significance. When we talk about corrosion engineering, it is the way the accumulated science and knowledge about corrosion and corrosion processes will become applicable in the field. For instance, the use of cathodic protection to let structures survive longer, or use of corrosion inhibitors and biocides to chemically control corrosion. Figure 1.1 can serve to show the essential elements of corrosion engineering and how corrosion engineering and other engineering disciplines are interconnected with each other. We see that when talking about corrosion engineering, we are actually talking about a multidimensional topic that in its wholeness is more complex than other engineering disciplines not in based on the subject of focus, but on the methodologies that apply to address corrosion and its various aspects such as monitoring and treatment:

Schematic illustration of corrosion engineering and its relation to other engineering disciplines (right), essential features and components of corrosion engineering (left).

      All of these applications have their own codes and standards. When we talk about corrosion treatment, we know that we are talking about five strategies to deal with corrosion (physical measures, chemical measures, electrical measures, mechanical measures, and design/material selection measures). Corrosion monitoring is to address methods and technologies by which severity of corrosion within its course of action is studied by codes and measures pertaining to corrosion monitoring. All of the above bring to mind certain codes, working environments and specialties, and expertise. However, what is CM? It obviously has a part dealing with corrosion and a part dealing with management. The confusion arises from here; how can management which is seeming a non‐technical issue, be matched with corrosion which is a highly technical issue?

      All the materials written to date on the management of corrosion are just looking at the science/engineering, and to some extent economy of corrosion, without detailing with the actual requirements (for example, about the economic nomenclature that is needed to understand cost of corrosion). Some of the publications about CM do suffer from the defects mentioned above. Some examples of CM literature are:

      A. Morshed, “An Introduction to Corrosion Management in Industry,” NACE, USA, 2017.

      A. Morshed, “An Introduction to Asset Corrosion Management in the Oil and Gas Industry, 2nd edition,” NACE, USA, 2016.

      A.S. Groysman, “Corrosion Problems and Solutions in Oil Refining and Petrochemical Industry,” Springer, 2017.

      “My Manual: Practical Corrosion Management,” a manual published by IDC Technologies, 2009, Perth, Australia.

      Even IMPACT report by ex‐NACE (now AMPP) that was published in 2016 had some sections on management and economy without any focus on engineering and science aspect of corrosion.

      There are three very important features about corrosion:

      1 Corrosion and Failure: Corrosion is inevitable and manageable; failure is inevitable and non‐manageable. Being non‐manageable does not mean that it cannot be prevented, it simply means that when failure happens, it happens! This distinguishment between these two terms if of vital importance; the prejudice of many who deal with corrosion issues is that they are entitled to find a way to prevent or control corrosion.4 Corrosion occurs anyway due to the thermodynamic nature of it, it is our duty, though, to prevent failures. It is through failures and leaks that not only economic costs are imposed (from shut down costs to maintenance and replacement), but also environmental effects also occur. Study of corrosion processes ending in leak and failure is the task of a corrosion specialist, post‐mortem forensic investigation of the failure is what a forensic investigator does to help build a root cause analysis report, but who is to measure the seriousness of the environmental effects thus produced? Who is going to estimate the economic loss (direct cost and indirect cost)?

      2 Risk and Likelihood: If the likelihood of getting a certain type of corrosion‐related failure is low, it does not necessarily mean that is risk is also low and vice versa. The confusion between risk and likelihood is with no doubt one of the most important sources of problems that can even reach to the level of disasters. It is the mindset that can be observed in industry quite frequently and it has the potential of being lethal.

      3 Corrosion and Aging: Aging implies that a structure has been in service for quite a long time, whereas corrosion can actually occur in structures right after being put into service. Therefore, corrosion‐related failures could happen in structures after a relatively short period of service (sometimes months).

      The executive force for any management of corrosion scheme is humans and not robots, although we often forget this. Along with it, we also happen to forget the golden wisdom “To err is human.” In fact, a great number of industrial disasters—including those related to corrosion—stem from human error. One of the ways by which human error can be highly decreased is via training. In IMPACT report by AMPP, the cost for training is not mentioned as cost but as investment. Creating motivation and paying special attention to training is of paramount significance in a corrosion knowledge management (CKM) scheme, and is an integral part of smart management

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