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      Subcarinal area

      Aortic arch area

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      Cervical area

      Between 22 and 24 cm from the incisors, the superior part of the lungs can be imaged along with the trachea, cricoid bone, jugular veins, and carotid arteries.

      Thyroid gland

      At 17–20 cm from the incisors, the inferior thyroid gland can be imaged as well as cervical LNs, which can be targeted for FNA.

      Radial scanning

      EBUS anatomical landmarks

      It is important to note that all right tracheal lymph node stations are found from the left lateral border of the trachea to the right aspect of the trachea.

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       Right upper paratracheal nodes (station 2R): the upper border is the apex of the right lung, the lower border is the intersection of the innominate vein with the trachea. This station is usually found facing the scope to the right lateral wall of the trachea, at 3 o’clock, at the level of the fifth tracheal cartilage.

       Left upper paratracheal nodes (station 2L): the upper border is the apex of the left lung, the lower border is the superior limit of the aortic arch. This station is usually found facing the scope to the left lateral wall of the trachea, at 9 o’clock, at the level of the fifth tracheal cartilage.

       Right lower paratracheal nodes (station 4R): the upper border is the innominate vein, the lower border is the azygos vein. This station is usually found just proximal to the main carina, between 12 and 3 o’clock.

       Left lower paratracheal nodes (station 4L): the upper border is the superior limit of the aortic arch, the lower border is superior limit of the left pulmonary artery. This station is usually found at the level of the main carina, left lateral wall of the trachea, at 9 o ‘clock. The view of the AP window is very similar to that seen by the EUS scope with the aortic arch on the right and pulmonary artery on the left.

       Subcarinal nodes (station 7): the upper border is the main carina, the inferior border is the superior limit of the left lower lobe take‐off on the left side, and the inferior limit of the bronchus intermedius on the right side. This station is found at the medial wall of the left mainstem bronchus or the medial wall of the right mainstem bronchus and bronchus intermedius.

       Right hilar nodes (station 10R): the upper boder is the azygos vein, the lower border is the interlobar region. This station is usually found just proximal to the right upper lobe take‐off, facing to the anterior and lateral airway wall.

       Left hilar nodes (station 10L): the upper border is the pulmonary artery, the lower border is the interlobar region. EBUS scope should be faced just proximal to the left upper lobe, at 11 o’clock.

       Right interlobar superior nodes (station 11Rs): the upper limit is the right upper lobe bronchus, the lower limit is the distal bronchus intermedius. This station should be found at the lateral wall of the airway, between 2 and 4 o’clock.

       Right interlobar inferior nodes (11Ri): lymph nodes are between the right middle lobe and the

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