LITMIR.BIZ

Скачать книгу

Tribunal of

       the Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or

       Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice or

       Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri Fiscal;

       Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional

      Political parties and leaders: Democratic Party or PD (formerly part of National Democratic Group or AND) [leader NA]; Liberal Party of Andorra or PLA [Marc Forne MOLNE] (used to be Liberal Union or UL); National Democratic Initiative or IDN [Vincenc MATEU Zamora]; New Democracy or ND [Jaume BARTOMEU Cassany]; Social Democratic Party or PSD (formerly part of National Democratic Group of AND) [leader NA]; Union of the People of Ordino (Unio Parroquial d'Ordino) or UPO [Simo DURO Coma] note: there are two other small parties

      Political pressure groups and leaders: NA

      International organization participation: CCC, CE, ECE, ICAO, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OSCE, UN, UNESCO, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTrO (observer)

      Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Jelena V. PIA-COMELLA chancery: 2 United Nations Plaza, 25th Floor, New York, NY 10017 FAX: [1] (212) 750-6630 telephone: [1] (212) 750-8064

      Diplomatic representation from the US: the US does not have an embassy in Andorra; the US Ambassador to Spain is accredited to Andorra; US interests in Andorra are represented by the Consulate General's office in Barcelona (Spain); mailing address: 280-2227; FAX: (3493) 205-7705

      Flag description: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem

      Economy Andorra

      Economy - overview: Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's tiny, well-to-do economy, accounts for roughly 80% of GDP. An estimated 9 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. Andorra's comparative advantage has recently eroded as the economies of neighboring France and Spain have been opened up, providing broader availability of goods and lower tariffs. The banking sector, with its "tax haven" status, also contributes substantially to the economy. Agricultural production is limited - only 2% of the land is arable - and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing output consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union and is treated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a non-EU member for agricultural products.

      GDP: purchasing power parity - $1.3 billion (2000 est.)

      GDP - real growth rate: 3.8% (2000 est.)

      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $19,000 (2000 est.)

      GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%

      Population below poverty line: NA%

      Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4.3% (2000)

      Labor force: 33,000 (2001 est.)

      Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 1%, industry 21%, services 78% (2000 est.)

      Unemployment rate: 0%

      Budget: revenues: $385 million expenditures: $342 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997)

      Industries: tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber, tobacco, banking

      Industrial production growth rate: NA%

      Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: NA% other: NA% nuclear:

       NA% hydro: NA%

      Electricity - consumption: NA kWh

      Electricity - exports: NA kWh

      Electricity - imports: NA kWh note: most electricity supplied by Spain and France; Andorra generates a small amount of hydropower

      Agriculture - products: small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables; sheep

      Exports: $58 million (f.o.b., 1998)

      Exports - commodities: tobacco products, furniture

      Exports - partners: France 34%, Spain 58% (1998)

      Imports: $1.077 billion (c.i.f., 1998)

      Imports - commodities: consumer goods, food, electricity

      Imports - partners: Spain 48%, France 35%, US 2.3% (1998)

      Debt - external: $NA

      Economic aid - recipient: none

      Currency: euro (EUR); French franc (FRF); Spanish peseta (ESP)

      Currency code: EUR; FRF; ESP

      Exchange rates: euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997); Spanish pesetas per US dollar - 149.40 (1998), 146.41 (1997)

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      Communications Andorra

      Telephones - main lines in use: 32,946 (December 1998)

      Telephones - mobile cellular: 14,117 (December 1998)

      Telephone system: general assessment: NA domestic: modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges international: landline circuits to France and Spain

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 0, FM 15, shortwave 0 (1998)

      Radios: 16,000 (1997)

      Television broadcast stations: 0 (1997)

      Televisions: 27,000 (1997)

      Internet country code: .ad

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 1 (2000)

      Internet users: 24,500 (2001)

      Transportation Andorra

      Railways: 0 km

      Highways: total: 269 km paved: 198 km unpaved: 71 km (1994 est.)

      Waterways: none

      Ports and harbors: none

      Airports: none (2001)

      Military Andorra

      Military branches: no regular military forces, but there is a police force

      Military - note: defense is the responsibility of France and Spain

      Transnational Issues Andorra

      Disputes - international: border is undemarcated in sections

      This page was last updated on 1 January 2002

      ========================================================================

      Angola

      Introduction

      Angola

      Background: Civil war has been the norm in Angola since independence from Portugal in 1975. A 1994 peace accord between the government and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) provided for the integration of former UNITA insurgents into the government and armed forces. A national unity government was installed in April of 1997, but serious fighting resumed in late 1998, rendering hundreds of thousands of people homeless. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost in fighting over the past quarter century. The death of Jonas SAVIMBI and a cease fire with UNITA may bode well for the country.

      Geography Angola

      Location: Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between

       Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo

      Geographic

Скачать книгу