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Chapter 16, Amity Noltemeyer, Courtney McLaughlin, Mark McGowan, and Caitie Johnson discuss the impact on families of mass violence in schools and communities. They begin the chapter by presenting a hypothetical case study illustrating a family’s experience with mass violence. The authors then review the trends of mass violence in the United States and provide a context for discussing both adaptive and maladaptive responses. Integrating an ecological and developmental perspective, the authors outline a theoretical framework to explain how this type of stressor can impact families and more specifically, how resilience takes place at both the individual and family level. Finally, they describe risk and protective factors that can influence family resilience, exploring implications for professionals working with families.

      Jeremy Yorgason, Stephanie Richardson, and Kevin Stott, in Chapter 17, discuss physical illness in the context of the family. They integrate aspects of the Double ABC-X, family resilience, and the vulnerability-stress adaptation models to examine the complex interplay of illness characteristics and circumstances as well as the stressors families encounter and the resilience they display in the face of illness. By employing this approach, they recognize how health stressors are connected to individual and family outcomes through adaptive processes and enduring vulnerabilities. Research findings relating to three situations, including childhood illness, physical illness in marriage, and the declining health of aging parents, are discussed.

      In Chapter 18, Kandaus Wickrama, Catherine Walker O’Neal, and Tae Kyoung Lee take an in-depth look at the association between family socioeconomic risk and family mental health. The authors center their attention on the severity of psychological symptoms with particular emphasis on depressive symptoms, and the onset of psychological disorders. They recognize the increased prevalence of mental health challenges for both parents and children during adolescence, young adulthood, and midlife. Finally, Wickrama and his coauthors present the family socioeconomic risk and family mental health (FSAMH) model to inform health policies as well as health intervention and prevention efforts.

      In Chapter 19, Kevin Lyness and Judith Fischer discuss the challenges faced by families coping with alcohol and substance abuse. Specifically, their focus is on the experiences of children and adolescents (and their parents) as they struggle with this issue. They take a family developmental approach in their review of current literature as timing, perceptions, contextual factors, and resources depend on individual and family change over time. Lyness and Fisher employ a biopsychosocial model, which includes biological, psychological, and social influences and combine this with the family stress and coping model. They place particular emphasis on the mediating and moderating effects that intervene between two variables, that is, variables that mediate or modify the associations between parent and offspring substance abuse. Finally, they search for explanations of resilience in families coping with substance abuse and discuss issues relating to prevention and treatment.

      In Chapter 20, Colleen Murray and Jordan Reuter discuss family experiences with death, dying, and grief. They emphasize that death is a normative and often predictable event, yet it is not viewed as normal and instead is frequently avoided by society. Murray and Reuter review several theories of grieving to illustrate the complex process of loss that individuals and families endure. Family adaptation to loss is described in terms of family vulnerability, belief systems, definitions and the appraisal of gender, culture, and religion. The developmental nature and the unique challenges of children’s grief are examined with an emphasis on factors that influence this evolving process. Finally, the death of specific family members (i.e., children, spouse, sibling, parent) and the associated stressors relating to interpersonal and contextual factors are described.

      References

      Angell, R. C. (1936). The family encounters the depression. New York, NY: Scribner.

      Boss, P. G. (1987). Family stress. In M. B. Sussman & S. K. Steinmetz (Eds.), Handbook of marriage and the family (pp. 695–724). New York, NY: Plenum.

      Cavan, R. S., & Ranck, K. H. (1938). The family and the depression. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

      Cole, C. L., & Cole, A. L. (1993). Family therapy theory implications for marriage and family enrichment. In P. G. Boss, W. J. Doherty, R. LaRossa, W. R. Schumm, & S. K. Steinmetz (Eds.), Sourcebook of family theories and methods: A contextual approach (pp. 525–530). New York, NY: Plenum.

      Hill, R. (1949). Families under stress. New York, NY: Harper & Row.

      National Council on Family Relations (NCFR). (2020, February 11). Degree programs in family science. Retrieved from https://www.ncfr.org/degree-programs

      Acknowledgments

      As editors of the sixth edition of Families and Change, we would like to acknowledge the “passing of the torch” that has taken place over the past few editions. As many of you are aware, the first, second, and third editions of this book were the product of two well-respected and prolific scholars in the field of family science, Dr. Patrick McKenry and Dr. Sharon Price. At the time the third edition was being completed, Pat McKenry died. Pat and Sharon had been friends and coauthors for almost 30 years. They had a remarkable friendship; one that involved both hard work and unceasing humor. When SAGE requested a fourth edition of this book Sharon approached Christine Price (her niece) to join her in the editorial responsibilities. She felt the passing of this legacy was appropriate not only because of their family relationship but also because Pat had been a senior faculty friend and mentor to Christine during her years as an assistant professor at The Ohio State University. When discussions of a fifth edition took place, Sharon (who retired from The University of Georgia in 2000) decided that it was time to hand over the editorial responsibilities entirely to the next generation. Sharon and Christine were both thrilled when Kevin Bush, a former student of Pat McKenry’s at The Ohio State University, a former faculty member at The University of Georgia, and a current professor and associate dean at Miami University accepted.

      Because this book was the original creation of Sharon and Pat’s combined efforts and their fingerprints are still present, we want to recognize and pay tribute to them both. We felt honored to take on the editorial responsibilities for the fifth and sixth editions of Families and Change and understood that we had big shoes to fill. Regarding this sixth edition, the suggestions and advice we received from those who used the fifth edition of this book were appreciated and important to the changes made in the content and format of the sixth edition. Also, the quality of the authors’ contributions, their timely responses, and their enthusiasm were invaluable to this updated version. Some of the authors were colleagues of both Sharon and Pat for many years and have contributed to multiple editions. Following in the tradition that Sharon and Pat practiced in previous editions, we sought out both “senior” and “young” scholars to collaborate and contribute to this volume. We were very pleased that “senior” authors involved junior colleagues or students to be coauthors and some former second authors moved into the position of senior authors. In addition, several new authors were asked to contribute. We would like to extend a special thank you to all of the authors; your efforts and contributions are greatly appreciated.

      Kevin R. Bush

      Christine A. Price

Section 1 Theoretical Foundations

      Chapter 1 Families Coping With Change: A Conceptual Overview

      Christine A. Price, Kevin R. Bush, Sharon J. Price, and Patrick C. McKenry

      Families increasingly experience a wide variety of stressors associated with both positive and negative events. Industrialization, urbanization, increased population density (e.g., housing, traffic, demand on infrastructures), community violence, threats of terrorism,

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