Liquid Crystal Displays - Ernst Lueder

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       Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Names: Lueder, Ernst, 1932- author. | Knoll, Peter M., author. | Lee, Seung Hee (Physicist), author. | John Wiley & Sons, publisher.

      Title: Liquid crystal displays : addressing schemes and electro-optical effects / Ernst Lueder, Peter Knoll, Seung Hee Lee.

      Description: Third edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2022. | Series: Wiley series in display technology | Includes bibliographical references and index.

      Identifiers: LCCN 2021059916 (print) | LCCN 2021059917 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119667919 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119667933 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119668008 (epub)

      Subjects: LCSH: Liquid crystal displays. | Liquid crystal devices.

      Classification: LCC TK7872.L56 L84 2022 (print) | LCC TK7872.L56 (ebook) | DDC 621.3815/422–dc23/eng/20220209

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021059916 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021059917

      Cover Design: Wiley

      Cover Image: © snvv/iStockphoto

      Whose assistance and patience made this book possible (Ernst Lueder)

      To Ernst Lueder

      With many thanks to Ernst for the good and fruitful collaboration on bumpy roads (Peter Knoll)

      To Dr. Minsu Kim

      Whose assistance and discussion made this book possible (Seung Hee Lee)

      Since publication of the first edition of this book nine years ago, much has happened. Dominance of the CRT has been replaced by dominance of LCDs not only for computer monitors but also for television, control room and signage applications. The need for faster response, wider viewing angles, better colour rendition, thinner displays and lower energy consumption has motivated extraordinary developments, and this last decade has been one of unprecedented change. A fact known just to a few is that the first edition of this book was the Wiley-SID series’ best seller. I am therefore delighted that Ernst Lueder has agreed to write a third edition.

      The following new sections have been added: fast blue phase materials, which have the sub-millisecond switching times required for 240Hz refresh rate TVs; multidomain VA cells for TV applications; the addressing requirements of VA cells to achieve TV speeds (which often requires parallel addressing); motion blur and its remedies and lastly, transfer techniques of TFTs fabricated at high temperature onto flexible substrates.

      The sections on components for LCDs, flexographic printing, ink jet printing, surface properties for printing and cell building by lamination have been updated.

      Thus the original purpose stated by Professor Lueder in his preface to the first edition – to condense into one volume all the basic information that is needed to understand the operation and the building of liquid crystal displays – will now be met by this third edition, which I am confident will see equal success.

      Anthony Lowe Braishfield, UK, 2009

      Without Dr. Ian Sage’s initiative and steady support, the third edition would not have been realized. I am very grateful for the competent and always pleasant assistance he offered during the preparation of this edition.

      I was very fortunate to have found two very capable co-authors for the third edition. Prof. Seung Hee Lee of the Jeonbuk National University in South Korea is a pioneer of fringe-field switching, and he has contributed an outstanding chapter on this topic. While still working in private industry, he was twice awarded ‘King of Invention’, and at the Society for Information Display he won the Special Recognition Award and (in 2016) the Jan Rajchman Prize.

      Prof. (Emeritus) Peter Knoll of Karlsruhe University in Germany played a leading role in the development of automotive displays as the head of the display laboratory at the Bosch Company. His knowledge of the evolution of car displays characterizes his prominent contribution to the third edition. His achievements culminated in the development of a night vision car display.

      Ernst Lueder

      The second edition of Liquid Crystal Displays focuses on the latest LCDs with wide viewing characteristics, short optical response times and accelerated relaxation, the suppression of motion blur, thin LED backlights and printed layers replacing costly photolithography.

      I very much appreciate the valuable suggestions by Dr. Tony Lowe, the editor of the Wiley SID series in Display Technology, and expert insights from my colleagues Dan Schott and Dr. Bob Melcher covering the wide area of current display activities. I am grateful for the diligent and skilled proofreading by Lyn Hicks and Kim Stringer. As in the first edition, I am greatly indebted to Heidi Schuehle for observantly and attentively typing the manuscript and to Rene Troeger for the accomplished and professional drawing of the figures.

      The overriding purpose of this book, as further outlined in the Introduction (Chapter 1), is to condense in one single volume all the basic information that is needed to understand the operation and the building of liquid crystal displays. This requires a treatment of a wealth of electro-optical effects as well as a description of the rich variety of addressing schemes. The latter has not been done for more than a decade.

      In the pursuit of this ambitious goal I was very fortunate to have a number of experts atmyside who offered advice and assistance for writing this book. Dr. Tony Lowe, the editor of this SIDseries, lent his

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